Further Rules of Good Conduct

Verse 1 (vishnu.3.12.1)

और्व उवाच देवगोब्राहमणान् सिद्धान् वृद्धाचार्यांस्तथार्चयेत् । द्विकालञ्च नमेत् सन्ध्यामग्नीनुपचरेत् तथा

aurva uvāca devagobrāhamaṇān siddhān vṛddhācāryāṁstathārcayet dvikālañca namet sandhyāmagnīnupacaret tathā

Aurva said: Let him worship gods, cows, Brahmins, Siddhas, and elderly teachers; let him bow to the twilight at both times, and likewise tend the sacred fires.

Verse 2 (vishnu.3.12.2)

सदानुपहते वस्त्रे प्रशस्ताश्च महौषधीः । गारुडानि च रत्नानि बिभृयात् प्रयतो नरः

sadānupahate vastre praśastāśca mahauṣadhīḥ gāruḍāni ca ratnāni bibhṛyāt prayato naraḥ

Let him always wear unspoiled garments, and, self-controlled, bear praiseworthy medicinal herbs, objects marked with Garuda, and jewels.

Verse 3 (vishnu.3.12.3)

प्रस्निग्धामलकेशश्च सुगन्धिश्चारुवेषधृक् । सिताः सुमनसो हृद्या बिभृयाच्च नरः सदा

prasnigdhāmalakeśaśca sugandhiścāruveṣadhṛk sitāḥ sumanaso hṛdyā bibhṛyācca naraḥ sadā

Let a man always keep his hair oiled and clean, be fragrant, wear becoming attire, and bear white, pleasing flowers.

Verse 4 (vishnu.3.12.4)

किञ्चित् परस्वं न हरेन्नाल्पमप्यप्रियं वदेत् । प्रियञ्च नानृतं ब्रूयान्नान्यदोषानुदीरयेत्

kiñcit parasvaṁ na harennālpamapyapriyaṁ vadet priyañca nānṛtaṁ brūyānnānyadoṣānudīrayet

Let him not steal even the smallest of another's property, nor speak anything unpleasant, however slight; let him not speak a pleasant falsehood, nor bring up the faults of others.

Verse 5 (vishnu.3.12.5)

नान्यश्रियं तथा वैरं रोचयेत् पुरुषर्षभ । न दुष्टं यानमारोहेत् कूलच्छाया न संश्रयेत्

nānyaśriyaṁ tathā vairaṁ rocayet puruṣarṣabha na duṣṭaṁ yānamārohet kūlacchāyā na saṁśrayet

O bull among men, let him not covet another's prosperity, nor delight in enmity; let him not mount a vicious conveyance, nor take shelter in the shade of a river-bank.

Verse 6 (vishnu.3.12.6)

विद्विष्टपतितोन्मत्तबहुवैरादिकीटकैः । बन्धकी बन्धकीभर्तुः क्षुद्रानृतकथैस्सह

vidviṣṭapatitonmattabahuvairādikīṭakaiḥ bandhakī bandhakībhartuḥ kṣudrānṛtakathaissaha

With those who are despised, or fallen, or mad, with many petty enemies, with a harlot, or a harlot's keeper, or with those of base and false speech,

Verse 7 (vishnu.3.12.7)

तथातिव्ययशीलैश्च परिवादरतैश्शठैः । बुधो मैत्रीं न कुर्वीत नैकः पन्थानमाश्रयेत्

tathātivyayaśīlaiśca parivādarataiśśaṭhaiḥ budho maitrīṁ na kurvīta naikaḥ panthānamāśrayet

and likewise with the excessively extravagant, the slanderous, or the deceitful, let the wise man not form friendship; nor let him take to a road alone.

Verse 8 (vishnu.3.12.8)

नावगाहेज्जलौघस्य वेगमग्रे नरेश्वर । प्रदीप्तं वेश्म न विशेन्नारोहेच्छिखरं तरोः

nāvagāhejjalaughasya vegamagre nareśvara pradīptaṁ veśma na viśennārohecchikharaṁ taroḥ

O lord of men, let him not plunge into the powerful current of a flood; let him not enter a burning house, nor climb to the top of a tree.

Verse 9 (vishnu.3.12.9)

न कुर्याद्दन्तसङ्घर्षं कुष्णीयाच्च न नासिकाम् । नासंवृतमुखो जृम्भेच्छ्वासकासौ विसर्जयेत्

na kuryāddantasaṅgharṣaṁ kuṣṇīyācca na nāsikām nāsaṁvṛtamukho jṛmbhecchvāsakāsau visarjayet

Let him not grind his teeth together, nor twist his nose; let him not yawn with an uncovered mouth, and let him discharge his breath and cough covered.

Verse 10 (vishnu.3.12.10)

नोच्चैर्हसेत् सशब्दं च न मुञ्चेत् पवनं बुधः । नखान्न खादयेच्छिन्द्यान्न तृणं न महीं लिखेत्

noccairhaset saśabdaṁ ca na muñcet pavanaṁ budhaḥ nakhānna khādayecchindyānna tṛṇaṁ na mahīṁ likhet

Let the wise man not laugh loudly, nor pass wind audibly; let him not bite his nails, nor break blades of grass, nor scratch at the ground.

Verse 11 (vishnu.3.12.11)

न श्मश्रु भक्षयेल्लोष्टं न मृद्नीयाद्विचक्षणः । ज्योतींष्यमेध्यशस्तानि नाभिवीक्षेत च प्रभो

na śmaśru bhakṣayelloṣṭaṁ na mṛdnīyādvicakṣaṇaḥ jyotīṁṣyamedhyaśastāni nābhivīkṣeta ca prabho

Let the discerning man not chew his beard, nor crush a clod of earth; let him not gaze upon impure and forbidden lights, O lord.

Verse 12 (vishnu.3.12.12)

नग्नां परस्त्रियं चैव सूर्यं चास्तमयोदये । न हुङ्कुर्याच्छवं गन्धं शवगन्धो हि सोमजः

nagnāṁ parastriyaṁ caiva sūryaṁ cāstamayodaye na huṅkuryācchavaṁ gandhaṁ śavagandho hi somajaḥ

Let him not gaze at a naked woman belonging to another, nor at the sun at its setting or rising; let him not utter the sound 'hum' at the smell of a corpse, for the odor of a corpse is connected with Soma.

Verse 13 (vishnu.3.12.13)

चतुष्पथं चैत्यतरुं श्मशानोपवनानि च । दुष्टस्त्रीसन्निकर्षं च वर्जयेन्निशि सर्वदा

catuṣpathaṁ caityataruṁ śmaśānopavanāni ca duṣṭastrīsannikarṣaṁ ca varjayenniśi sarvadā

A crossroads, a sacred tree, a cremation ground and a grove, and the proximity of a wicked woman -- let him avoid all of these, always, at night.

Verse 14 (vishnu.3.12.14)

पूज्यदेवद्विजज्योतिश्छायां नातिक्रमेद्बुधः । नैकश्शून्याटवीं गच्छेत् तथा शून्यगृहे वसेत्

pūjyadevadvijajyotiśchāyāṁ nātikramedbudhaḥ naikaśśūnyāṭavīṁ gacchet tathā śūnyagṛhe vaset

Let the wise man not step across the shadow of a venerable deity, a Brahmin, or a sacred light; let him not go alone into an empty forest, nor dwell in an empty house.

Verse 15 (vishnu.3.12.15)

केशास्थिकण्टकामेध्यबलिभस्मतुषांस्तथा । स्नानार्द्रधरणीं चैव दूरतः परिवर्जयेत्

keśāsthikaṇṭakāmedhyabalibhasmatuṣāṁstathā snānārdradharaṇīṁ caiva dūrataḥ parivarjayet

Hair, bones, thorns, impure things, the remnants of an offering, ashes and husks, and ground wet from bathing -- let him avoid all these from a distance.

Verse 16 (vishnu.3.12.16)

नानार्यानाश्रयेत् कांश्चिन्न जिह्मं रोचयेद्बुधः । उपसर्पेन्न वै व्यालं चिरं तिष्ठेन्न वोत्थितः

nānāryānāśrayet kāṁścinna jihmaṁ rocayedbudhaḥ upasarpenna vai vyālaṁ ciraṁ tiṣṭhenna votthitaḥ

Let him not associate with any ignoble persons, nor let the wise man take delight in crookedness; let him not approach a venomous serpent, nor stand still for a long time without moving.

Verse 17 (vishnu.3.12.17)

अतीव जागरस्वप्ने तद्वत्स्नानासने बुधः । न सेवेत तथा शय्यां व्यायामं च नरेश्वर

atīva jāgarasvapne tadvatsnānāsane budhaḥ na seveta tathā śayyāṁ vyāyāmaṁ ca nareśvara

Let the wise man not indulge in excessive waking or excessive sleep, nor likewise in excessive bathing or sitting; nor in excessive comfort of the bed, nor, O lord of men, in excessive exercise.

Verse 18 (vishnu.3.12.18)

दंष्ट्रिणः शृङ्गिणश्चैव प्राज्ञो दूरेण वर्जयेत् । अवश्यायं च राजेन्द्र पुरोवातातपौ तथा

daṁṣṭriṇaḥ śṛṅgiṇaścaiva prājño dūreṇa varjayet avaśyāyaṁ ca rājendra purovātātapau tathā

The wise man should avoid from afar creatures with tusks or horns; and, O king of kings, likewise dew, a fore-wind, and fierce sunlight.

Verse 19 (vishnu.3.12.19)

न स्नायान्न स्वपेन्नग्नो न चैवोपस्पृशेद्बुधः । मुक्तकेशश्च नाचामेद्देवाद्यर्चां च वर्जयेत्

na snāyānna svapennagno na caivopaspṛśedbudhaḥ muktakeśaśca nācāmeddevādyarcāṁ ca varjayet

Let him not bathe naked, nor sleep naked, nor let the wise man rinse while naked; let him not rinse with his hair loose, and let him avoid worshipping the images of the gods and the rest in that state.

Verse 20 (vishnu.3.12.20)

होमदेवार्चनाद्यासु क्रियास्वाचमने तथा । नैकवस्त्रः प्रवर्तेत द्विजवाचनिके जपे

homadevārcanādyāsu kriyāsvācamane tathā naikavastraḥ pravarteta dvijavācanike jape

In the fire-oblation, in the worship of the gods and similar rites, and likewise in rinsing, let him not proceed clad in a single garment, nor in the recitation prescribed to be spoken by a Brahmin.

Verse 21 (vishnu.3.12.21)

नासमञ्जसशीलैस्तु सहासीत कथञ्चन । सद्वृत्तसन्निकर्षो हि क्षणार्द्धमपि शस्यते

nāsamañjasaśīlaistu sahāsīta kathañcana sadvṛttasannikarṣo hi kṣaṇārddhamapi śasyate

Let him never sit together with those of ill-regulated character; the company of the well-conducted, however, is praiseworthy even for half a moment.

Verse 22 (vishnu.3.12.22)

विरोधं नोत्तमैर्गच्छेन्नाधमैश्च सदा बुधः । विवाहश्च विवादश्च तुल्यशीलैर्नृपेष्यते

virodhaṁ nottamairgacchennādhamaiśca sadā budhaḥ vivāhaśca vivādaśca tulyaśīlairnṛpeṣyate

Let the wise man engage in conflict neither with his superiors nor, always, with his inferiors; O king, both marriage and dispute are held fitting only among those of similar disposition.

Verse 23 (vishnu.3.12.23)

नारभेत कलिं प्राज्ञः शुष्कवैरञ्च वर्जयेत् । अप्यल्पहानिः सोढव्या वैरेणार्थागमं त्यजेत्

nārabheta kaliṁ prājñaḥ śuṣkavairañca varjayet apyalpahāniḥ soḍhavyā vaireṇārthāgamaṁ tyajet

Let the wise man not initiate strife, and let him avoid enmity without cause; let him endure even a small loss, but forgo any gain that comes through enmity.

Verse 24 (vishnu.3.12.24)

स्नातो नाङ्गानि सम्मार्जेत् स्नानशाट्या न पाणिना । न च निर्धूनयेत् केशान् नाचामेच्चैव चोत्थितः

snāto nāṅgāni sammārjet snānaśāṭyā na pāṇinā na ca nirdhūnayet keśān nācāmeccaiva cotthitaḥ

Having bathed, let him wipe his limbs with his bathing-cloth, not with his hand; let him not shake out his hair, nor rinse immediately upon rising.

Verse 25 (vishnu.3.12.25)

पादेन नाक्रमेत् पादं न पूज्याभिमुखं नयेत् । नोच्चासनं गुरोरग्रे भजेताविनयान्वितः

pādena nākramet pādaṁ na pūjyābhimukhaṁ nayet noccāsanaṁ guroragre bhajetāvinayānvitaḥ

Let him not step on another's foot with his own, nor extend his foot toward one deserving reverence; let him not, lacking discipline, take a high seat before his guru.

Verse 26 (vishnu.3.12.26)

अपसव्यं न गच्छेच्च देवागारचतुष्पथान् । माङ्गल्यपूज्यांश्च तथा विपरीतान्न दक्षिणम्

apasavyaṁ na gacchecca devāgāracatuṣpathān māṅgalyapūjyāṁśca tathā viparītānna dakṣiṇam

Let him not pass a temple or a crossroads keeping it to his left; and likewise let him not circle auspicious and venerable objects in the reverse direction, but only keeping them to his right.

Verse 27 (vishnu.3.12.27)

सोमार्काग्न्यम्बुवायूनां पूज्यानाञ्च न सम्मुखम् । कुर्यान्निष्ठीवविण्मूत्रसमुत्सर्गञ्च पण्डितः

somārkāgnyambuvāyūnāṁ pūjyānāñca na sammukham kuryānniṣṭhīvaviṇmūtrasamutsargañca paṇḍitaḥ

Let the learned man not spit, nor perform the discharge of feces or urine, facing the moon, the sun, fire, water, and wind, and other venerable objects.

Verse 28 (vishnu.3.12.28)

तिष्ठन्न मूत्रयेत् तद्वत् पथिष्वपि न मूत्रयेत् । श्लैष्मविण्मूत्ररक्तानि सर्वदैव न लङ्घयेत्

tiṣṭhanna mūtrayet tadvat pathiṣvapi na mūtrayet ślaiṣmaviṇmūtraraktāni sarvadaiva na laṅghayet

Let him not urinate while standing, and likewise let him not urinate upon roads; let him never step over phlegm, feces, urine, or blood.

Verse 29 (vishnu.3.12.29)

श्लेष्मशिङ्घाणिकोत्सर्गो नान्नकाले प्रशस्यते । बलिमङ्गलजप्यादौ न होमे न महाजने

śleṣmaśiṅghāṇikotsargo nānnakāle praśasyate balimaṅgalajapyādau na home na mahājane

Discharging phlegm and nasal mucus at mealtime is not praised; nor during an offering, an auspicious rite, recitation, the fire-oblation, or in an assembly.

Verse 30 (vishnu.3.12.30)

योषितो नावमन्येत न चासां विश्वसेद् बुधः । न चैवेर्ष्युर्भवेत्तासु न धिक्कुर्यात् कदाचन

yoṣito nāvamanyeta na cāsāṁ viśvased budhaḥ na caiverṣyurbhavettāsu na dhikkuryāt kadācana

Let him not dishonor women, nor let the wise man place full trust in them; let him not be jealous of them, nor ever hold them in contempt.

Verse 31 (vishnu.3.12.31)

माङ्गल्यपुष्परत्नाज्यपूज्याननभिवाद्य च । न निष्क्रमेद्गृहात् प्राज्ञः सदाचारपरो नरः

māṅgalyapuṣparatnājyapūjyānanabhivādya ca na niṣkramedgṛhāt prājñaḥ sadācāraparo naraḥ

Without first paying homage to auspicious objects, flowers, jewels, ghee, and things worthy of reverence, let the wise man devoted to good conduct not step out of his house.

Verse 32 (vishnu.3.12.32)

चतुष्पथान् नमस्कुर्यात् काले होमपरो भवेत् । दीनानभ्युद्धरेत् साधूनुपासीत बहुश्रुतान्

catuṣpathān namaskuryāt kāle homaparo bhavet dīnānabhyuddharet sādhūnupāsīta bahuśrutān

Let him bow to the crossroads, and be devoted to the fire-oblation at its proper time; let him uplift the wretched, and attend upon the virtuous and the widely learned.

Verse 33 (vishnu.3.12.33)

देवर्षिपूजकः सम्यक् पितृपिण्डोदकप्रदः । सत्कर्ता चातिथीनां यः स लोकानुत्तमान् व्रजेत्

devarṣipūjakaḥ samyak pitṛpiṇḍodakapradaḥ satkartā cātithīnāṁ yaḥ sa lokānuttamān vrajet

He who duly worships the gods and sages, who offers rice-balls and water to the ancestors, and who honors guests, attains to the highest worlds.

Verse 34 (vishnu.3.12.34)

हितं मितं प्रियं काले वश्यात्मा योऽभिभाषते । स याति लोकानाह्लादहेतुभूतान् नृपाक्षयान्

hitaṁ mitaṁ priyaṁ kāle vaśyātmā yo'bhibhāṣate sa yāti lokānāhlādahetubhūtān nṛpākṣayān

He who, self-controlled, speaks words that are beneficial, measured, and pleasant at the proper time, attains to worlds that bring delight, imperishable, and beloved of kings.

Verse 35 (vishnu.3.12.35)

धीमान् ह्रीमान् क्षमायुक्तो ह्यास्तिको विनयान्वितः । विद्याभिजनवृद्धानां याति लोकाननुत्तमान्

dhīmān hrīmān kṣamāyukto hyāstiko vinayānvitaḥ vidyābhijanavṛddhānāṁ yāti lokānanuttamān

The wise, the modest, the forbearing, the faithful, and the disciplined man attains to the highest worlds, [worlds fit] for those distinguished in learning, lineage, and age.

Verse 36 (vishnu.3.12.36)

अकालगर्जितादौ च पर्वस्वाशौचकादिषु । अनध्यायं बुधः कुर्यादुपरागादिके तथा

akālagarjitādau ca parvasvāśaucakādiṣu anadhyāyaṁ budhaḥ kuryāduparāgādike tathā

At the time of untimely thunder and the like, on sacred days, in times of impurity and the rest, and likewise at an eclipse, let the wise man observe the suspension of study.

Verse 37 (vishnu.3.12.37)

शमं नयति यः क्रुद्धान् सर्वबन्धुरमत्सरी । भीताश्वासनकृत् साधुः स्वर्गस्तस्याल्पकं फलम्

śamaṁ nayati yaḥ kruddhān sarvabandhuramatsarī bhītāśvāsanakṛt sādhuḥ svargastasyālpakaṁ phalam

He who brings peace to the angry, who is a friend to all, free from envy, and who reassures the frightened -- for such a righteous man, even heaven is but a small reward.

Verse 38 (vishnu.3.12.38)

वर्षातपादिषु च्छत्री दण्डी रात्र्यटवीषु च । शरीरत्राणकामो वै सोपानत्कः सदा व्रजेत्

varṣātapādiṣu cchatrī daṇḍī rātryaṭavīṣu ca śarīratrāṇakāmo vai sopānatkaḥ sadā vrajet

In rain and sun and the like, let him carry an umbrella; in the night or in forests, a staff; and desiring the protection of his body, let him always travel wearing sandals.

Verse 39 (vishnu.3.12.39)

नोर्ध्वं न तिर्यग्दूरं वा न पश्यन् पर्यटेद्बुधः । युगमात्रं महीपृष्ठं नरो गच्छेद्विलोकयन्

nordhvaṁ na tiryagdūraṁ vā na paśyan paryaṭedbudhaḥ yugamātraṁ mahīpṛṣṭhaṁ naro gacchedvilokayan

Let the wise man not wander about looking upward, or sideways, or far into the distance; let a man walk, watching the ground, only as far as a yoke's length ahead.

Verse 40 (vishnu.3.12.40)

दोषहेतूनशेषांश्च वश्यात्मा यो निरस्यति । तस्य धर्मार्थकामानां हानिर्नाल्पापि जायते

doṣahetūnaśeṣāṁśca vaśyātmā yo nirasyati tasya dharmārthakāmānāṁ hānirnālpāpi jāyate

For the self-controlled man who casts away entirely all the causes of fault, there arises no diminishment, however slight, of dharma, artha, and kama.

Verse 41 (vishnu.3.12.41)

सदाचाररतः प्राज्ञो विद्याविनयशिक्षितः । पापेऽप्यपापः परुषे ह्यभिधत्ते प्रियाणि यः । मैत्रीद्रवान्तःकरणस्तस्य मुक्तिः करे स्थिता

sadācārarataḥ prājño vidyāvinayaśikṣitaḥ pāpe'pyapāpaḥ paruṣe hyabhidhatte priyāṇi yaḥ maitrīdravāntaḥkaraṇastasya muktiḥ kare sthitā

He who is devoted to good conduct, trained in learning and discipline, faultless even amid what is evil, and who speaks only pleasant words even to what is harsh -- for that man, whose heart is melted with friendliness, liberation rests within his own grasp.

Verse 42 (vishnu.3.12.42)

ये कामक्रोधलोभानां वीतरागा न गोचरे । सदाचारस्थितास्तेषामनुभावैर्धृता मही

ye kāmakrodhalobhānāṁ vītarāgā na gocare sadācārasthitāsteṣāmanubhāvairdhṛtā mahī

Those who are entirely free of attachment to the objects of desire, anger, and greed, and who abide in good conduct -- it is by their very influence that this earth is upheld.

Verse 43 (vishnu.3.12.43)

तस्मात् सत्यं वदेत् प्राज्ञो यत् परप्रीतिकारणम् । सत्यं यत् परदुःखाय तत्र मौनपरो भवेत्

tasmāt satyaṁ vadet prājño yat paraprītikāraṇam satyaṁ yat paraduḥkhāya tatra maunaparo bhavet

Therefore let the wise man speak only that truth which brings pleasure to another; but where the truth would cause pain to another, let him remain silent instead.

Verse 44 (vishnu.3.12.44)

प्रियमुक्तं हितं नैतदिति मत्वा न तद्वदेत् । श्रेयस्तत्र हितं वाक्यं यद्यप्यत्यन्तमप्रियम्

priyamuktaṁ hitaṁ naitaditi matvā na tadvadet śreyastatra hitaṁ vākyaṁ yadyapyatyantamapriyam

Thinking 'this, though pleasant, is not beneficial,' let him not say it; whereas that speech which is beneficial is the better course, even if it is entirely unpleasant.

Verse 45 (vishnu.3.12.45)

प्राणिनामुपकाराय यथैवेह परत्र च । कर्मणा मनसा वाचा तदेव मतिमान् भजेत्

prāṇināmupakārāya yathaiveha paratra ca karmaṇā manasā vācā tadeva matimān bhajet

Whatever is for the benefit of living beings, whether here or in the world beyond, let the wise man devote himself to that very thing alone, in deed, in mind, and in speech.