The Description of Bhuvanakosha

Verse 1 (garuda.1.55.1)

॥हरिरुवाच ॥ मध्ये त्विलावृतो वर्षो भद्राश्वः पूर्वतोऽद्भुतः ॥ पूर्वदक्षिणतो वर्षो हिरण्वान्वृषभध्वज

.hariruvāca . madhye tvilāvṛto varṣo bhadrāśvaḥ pūrvato'dbhutaḥ . pūrvadakṣiṇato varṣo hiraṇvānvṛṣabhadhvaja

Hari said: In the middle is the region Ilavrita; to the east is the wondrous Bhadrashva. O bull-bannered one, to the southeast is the region Hiranvan,

Verse 2 (garuda.1.55.2)

ततः किम्पुरुषो वर्षो मेरोर्दक्षिणतः स्मृतः ॥ भारतो दक्षिणे प्रोक्तो हरिर्दक्षिणपश्चिमे

tataḥ kimpuruṣo varṣo merordakṣiṇataḥ smṛtaḥ . bhārato dakṣiṇe prokto harirdakṣiṇapaścime

then, to the south of Meru, the region Kimpurusha is remembered. Bharata is declared to the south, Harivarsha to the southwest,

Verse 3 (garuda.1.55.3)

पश्चिमे केतुमालश्च रम्यकः पश्चिमोत्तरे ॥ उत्तरे च कुरोर्वर्षः कल्पवृक्षसमावृतः

paścime ketumālaśca ramyakaḥ paścimottare . uttare ca kurorvarṣaḥ kalpavṛkṣasamāvṛtaḥ

in the west is Ketumala, and to the northwest, Ramyaka. To the north is the region of Kuru, encircled by wish-fulfilling trees,

Verse 4 (garuda.1.55.4)

सिद्धिः स्वाभाविकी रुद्र ! वर्जयित्वा तु भारतम् ॥ इन्द्रद्वीपः कशेरुमांस्ताम्रवर्णो गभस्तितमान्

siddhiḥ svābhāvikī rudra ! varjayitvā tu bhāratam . indradvīpaḥ kaśerumāṁstāmravarṇo gabhastitamān

where, O Rudra, apart from Bharata, success comes of its own accord. Indradvipa, Kasherumat, Tamravarna, Gabhastiman,

Verse 5 (garuda.1.55.5)

नागद्वीपः कटाहश्च सिंहलो वारुणस्तथा ॥ अयं तुनवमस्तेषां द्वीपः सागरसंवृतः

nāgadvīpaḥ kaṭāhaśca siṁhalo vāruṇastathā . ayaṁ tunavamasteṣāṁ dvīpaḥ sāgarasaṁvṛtaḥ

Nagadvipa, Kataha, Sinhala, and also Varuna — this is the ninth of these lands, encircled by the ocean.

Verse 6 (garuda.1.55.6)

पूर्वे किरातास्तस्यास्ते पश्चिमे यवनाः स्थिताः ॥ अन्ध्रा दक्षिणतो रुद्र ! तुरष्कास्त्वपि चोत्तरे

pūrve kirātāstasyāste paścime yavanāḥ sthitāḥ . andhrā dakṣiṇato rudra ! turaṣkāstvapi cottare

To its east dwell the Kiratas, to the west the Yavanas. O Rudra, to the south the Andhras, and to the north the Turushkas as well,

Verse 7 (garuda.1.55.7)

ब्राह्मणाः क्षत्त्रिया वैश्याः शूद्राश्चान्तरवासिनः ॥ महेन्द्रो मलयः सह्यः शुक्तिमानृक्षपर्वतः

brāhmaṇāḥ kṣattriyā vaiśyāḥ śūdrāścāntaravāsinaḥ . mahendro malayaḥ sahyaḥ śuktimānṛkṣaparvataḥ

and brahmins, kshatriyas, vaishyas, and shudras dwell in the middle region. Mahendra, Malaya, Sahya, Shuktiman, Rikshaparvata,

Verse 8 (garuda.1.55.8)

विन्ध्यश्च पारियात्रश्च सप्तात्र कुलपर्वताः ॥ वेदस्मृति र्नर्मदा च वरदा सुरसा शिवा

vindhyaśca pāriyātraśca saptātra kulaparvatāḥ . vedasmṛti rnarmadā ca varadā surasā śivā

Vindhya and Pariyatra — these are the seven principal mountain-ranges here. The Vedasmriti, the Narmada, Varada, Surasa, Shiva,

Verse 9 (garuda.1.55.9)

तापी पयोष्णी सरयूः कावेरी गोमती तथा ॥ गोदावरी भीमरथी कृष्णवेणी महानदी

tāpī payoṣṇī sarayūḥ kāverī gomatī tathā . godāvarī bhīmarathī kṛṣṇaveṇī mahānadī

the Tapi, Payoshni, Sarayu, Kaveri, and Gomati,

Verse 10 (garuda.1.55.10)

केतुमाला ताम्रपर्णो चन्द्रभागा सरस्वती ॥ ऋषिकुल्या च कावेरी मृत्तगङ्गा पयस्विनी

ketumālā tāmraparṇo candrabhāgā sarasvatī . ṛṣikulyā ca kāverī mṛttagaṅgā payasvinī

the Godavari, Bhimarathi, Krishnaveni, Mahanadi, Ketumala, Tamraparni, Chandrabhaga, Sarasvati,

Verse 11 (garuda.1.55.11)

विदर्भा च शतद्रूश्च नद्यः पापहराः शुभाः ॥ आसां पिबन्ति सलिलं मध्यदेशादयो जनाः

vidarbhā ca śatadrūśca nadyaḥ pāpaharāḥ śubhāḥ . āsāṁ pibanti salilaṁ madhyadeśādayo janāḥ

the Rishikulya, Kaveri, Mrittaganga, Payasvini, Vidarbha, and Shatadru — these are the auspicious, sin-removing rivers. Their waters are drunk by the peoples of the central region and elsewhere.

Verse 12 (garuda.1.55.12)

पाञ्चालाः कुरवो मत्स्या यौधेयाः सपटच्चराः ॥ कुन्तयः शूरसेनाश्च मध्यदेशजनाः स्मृताः

pāñcālāḥ kuravo matsyā yaudheyāḥ sapaṭaccarāḥ . kuntayaḥ śūrasenāśca madhyadeśajanāḥ smṛtāḥ

The Panchalas, Kurus, Matsyas, Yaudheyas, together with the Patachcharas, and the Kuntis and Shurasenas — these are held to be the peoples of the central region.

Verse 13 (garuda.1.55.13)

वृषध्वज ! जनाः पाद्माः सूतमागधचेदयः ॥ काशय (षाया) श्च विदेहाश्च पूर्वस्यां कोशलास्तथा

vṛṣadhvaja ! janāḥ pādmāḥ sūtamāgadhacedayaḥ . kāśaya (ṣāyā) śca videhāśca pūrvasyāṁ kośalāstathā

O bull-bannered one, the peoples of Padma, the Sutas, Magadhas, Chedis, the peoples of Kashi and Videha, and likewise, to the east, Koshala —

Verse 14 (garuda.1.55.14)

कलिंगवंगपुण्ड्रांगा वैदर्भा मूलकास्तथा ॥ विन्ध्यान्तर्निलया देशाः पूर्वदक्षिणतः स्मृताः

kaliṁgavaṁgapuṇḍrāṁgā vaidarbhā mūlakāstathā . vindhyāntarnilayā deśāḥ pūrvadakṣiṇataḥ smṛtāḥ

Kalinga, Vanga, Pundra, Anga, Vidarbha, and Mulaka as well — these lands, dwelling within the Vindhya range, are remembered as lying to the southeast.

Verse 15 (garuda.1.55.15)

पुलन्दाश्मकजीमूतनयराष्ट्रनिवासिनः ॥ कर्णा(र्ना)टकम्बोजघणा दक्षिणापथवासिनः

pulandāśmakajīmūtanayarāṣṭranivāsinaḥ . karṇā(rnā)ṭakambojaghaṇā dakṣiṇāpathavāsinaḥ

The Pulindas, Ashmakas, and Jimutas, each dwelling in their own countries; the Karnatas, Kambojas, and Ghanas dwell in the Deccan.

Verse 16 (garuda.1.55.16)

अम्बष्ठद्रविडा लाटाः काम्बोजाः स्त्रीमुखाः शकाः ॥ आनर्त्तवासिनश्चैव ज्ञेया यक्षिणपश्चिमे

ambaṣṭhadraviḍā lāṭāḥ kāmbojāḥ strīmukhāḥ śakāḥ . ānarttavāsinaścaiva jñeyā yakṣiṇapaścime

The Ambashthas, Dravidas, Latas, Kambojas, the Strimukhas, the Shakas, and the dwellers of Anarta — these are to be known in the southwest.

Verse 17 (garuda.1.55.17)

स्त्रीराज्याः सैन्धवा म्लेच्छा नास्ति का यवनास्तथा ॥ पश्चिमेन च विज्ञेया माथुरा नैषधैः सह

strīrājyāḥ saindhavā mlecchā nāsti kā yavanāstathā . paścimena ca vijñeyā māthurā naiṣadhaiḥ saha

The kingdom of women, the Saindhavas, the mlechchhas, and the Yavanas as well — to the west, these are to be known together with the peoples of Mathura and Naishadha.

Verse 18 (garuda.1.55.18)

माण्डव्याश्च तुषाराश्च मूलिकाश्वमुखाः खशाः ॥ महाकेशा महानादा देशास्तूत्तरपश्चिमे

māṇḍavyāśca tuṣārāśca mūlikāśvamukhāḥ khaśāḥ . mahākeśā mahānādā deśāstūttarapaścime

The Mandavyas, the Tusharas, the Mulikas, the horse-faced Ashvamukhas, the Khashas, the great-haired and great-voiced peoples — these lands lie in the northwest.

Verse 19 (garuda.1.55.19)

लम्ब (म्पा) का स्तननागाश्च माद्रगान्धारबाह्लिकाः ॥ हिमाचलालया म्लेच्छा उदीचीं दिशमाश्रिताः

lamba (mpā) kā stananāgāśca mādragāndhārabāhlikāḥ . himācalālayā mlecchā udīcīṁ diśamāśritāḥ

The Lampakas, Stanas, Nagas, and the Madras, Gandharas, and Bahlikas — these mlechchhas, dwelling by the Himalayan slopes, are settled toward the north.

Verse 20 (garuda.1.55.20)

त्रिगर्त्तनीलकोलात (भ) ब्रह्मपुत्राः सटङ्कणाः ॥ अभीषाहाः सकाश्मीरा उदक्पर्वेण कीर्त्तिताः

trigarttanīlakolāta (bha) brahmaputrāḥ saṭaṅkaṇāḥ . abhīṣāhāḥ sakāśmīrā udakparveṇa kīrttitāḥ

Trigarta, Nila, Kolabha, the dwellers by the Brahmaputra, together with the Tankanas, the Abhishahas, together with the Kashmiras — these are declared as belonging to the northern quarter.