Atonement, Cremation, and the Rites of Death

Verse 1 (garuda.2.4.1)

श्रीकृष्ण उवाच । ज्ञानतोऽज्ञानतो वापियन्नरैः कलुषं कृतम् । तस्य पापस्य शुद्ध्यर्थं विधेया निष्कृतिर्नरैः

śrīkṛṣṇa uvāca | jñānato'jñānato vāpiyannaraiḥ kaluṣaṁ kṛtam | tasya pāpasya śuddhyarthaṁ vidheyā niṣkṛtirnaraiḥ

Shri Krishna said: Whatever impurity men commit, whether knowingly or unknowingly, for the cleansing of that sin men must perform atonement.

Verse 2 (garuda.2.4.2)

भस्मादिस्नानदशकमादौ कुर्याद्विचक्षणः । यथाशक्ति षडब्दादिप्रत्याम्नायाच्चरेदपि

bhasmādisnānadaśakamādau kuryādvicakṣaṇaḥ | yathāśakti ṣaḍabdādipratyāmnāyāccaredapi

A discerning person should first perform the tenfold purificatory bathing with ash and the rest, and, according to his ability, continue this observance for as long as six years or more.

Verse 3 (garuda.2.4.3)

तदर्धं वा तदर्धं वा तदर्धार्धमथापि वा । यथाशक्त्या ततः कुर्याद्दश दानानि वै शृणु

tadardhaṁ vā tadardhaṁ vā tadardhārdhamathāpi vā | yathāśaktyā tataḥ kuryāddaśa dānāni vai śṛṇu

Or he may do half of that, or half of half, or even less. Then, according to his means, he should also make the ten gifts — hear them:

Verse 4 (garuda.2.4.4)

गोभूतिलहिरण्याज्यवासोधन्यगुडास्तथा । रजतं लवणं चैव दानानि दश वै विदुः

gobhūtilahiraṇyājyavāsodhanyaguḍāstathā | rajataṁ lavaṇaṁ caiva dānāni daśa vai viduḥ

A cow, land, sesame, gold, ghee, cloth, grain, jaggery, silver, and salt — these are known as the ten gifts.

Verse 5 (garuda.2.4.5)

प्रायश्चित्ते त्वागता ये तेभ्यो दद्यान्नरो दश । ततो यमद्वारपथे पूयशोणितसंकुले

prāyaścitte tvāgatā ye tebhyo dadyānnaro daśa | tato yamadvārapathe pūyaśoṇitasaṁkule

These ten a man should give to those who have come for atonement; for on the path to Yama's door, thronged with pus and blood,

Verse 6 (garuda.2.4.6)

नदीं वैतरणीं तर्तुं दद्याद्वैतरणीं च गाम् । कृष्णस्तनी सकृष्णाङ्गी सा वै वैतरणी स्मृता

nadīṁ vaitaraṇīṁ tartuṁ dadyādvaitaraṇīṁ ca gām | kṛṣṇastanī sakṛṣṇāṁgī sā vai vaitaraṇī smṛtā

to cross the river Vaitarani, the Vaitarani-cow should be given — a cow with black udders and black limbs is declared to be the Vaitarani-gift.

Verse 7 (garuda.2.4.7)

तिला लोहं हिरण्यं च कर्पासं लवणं तथा । सप्तधान्यं क्षितिर्गाव एकैकं पावनं स्मृतम्

tilā lohaṁ hiraṇyaṁ ca karpāsaṁ lavaṇaṁ tathā | saptadhānyaṁ kṣitirgāva ekaikaṁ pāvanaṁ smṛtam

Sesame, iron, gold, cotton, salt, the seven grains, land, and a cow — each one of these is declared to be purifying.

Verse 8 (garuda.2.4.8)

एतान्यष्टौ महादानान्युत्तमाय द्विजातये । आतुरेण तु देयानि पदरूपाणि मे शृणु

etānyaṣṭau mahādānānyuttamāya dvijātaye | ātureṇa tu deyāni padarūpāṇi me śṛṇu

These eight great gifts should be given to a worthy brahmin; now hear also of the symbolic 'foot-gifts' to be given by the dying.

Verse 9 (garuda.2.4.9)

छत्रो पानहवस्त्राणि मुद्रिका च कमण्डलुः । आसनं भाजनं पदं चाष्टविधं स्मृतम्

chatro pānahavastrāṇi mudrikā ca kamaṇḍaluḥ | āsanaṁ bhājanaṁ padaṁ cāṣṭavidhaṁ smṛtam

An umbrella, sandals, garments, a ring, a water-pot, a seat, a vessel, and 'the foot' — these eight kinds are declared.

Verse 10 (garuda.2.4.10)

तिलापात्रं सर्पिः पात्रं शय्या सोपस्करा तथा । एतत्सर्वं प्रदातव्यं यदिष्टं चात्मनोऽपि तत्

tilāpātraṁ sarpiḥ pātraṁ śayyā sopaskarā tathā | etatsarvaṁ pradātavyaṁ yadiṣṭaṁ cātmano'pi tat

A vessel of sesame, a vessel of ghee, and a bed with its coverings — all this should be given, along with whatever is dear to oneself.

Verse 11 (garuda.2.4.11)

अश्वो रथश्च महीषी व्यञ्जनं वस्त्रमेव च । ब्राह्मणेभ्यः प्रदातव्यं ब्रह्मपूर्वमपि स्वयम्

aśvo rathaśca mahīṣī vyañjanaṁ vastrameva ca | brāhmaṇebhyaḥ pradātavyaṁ brahmapūrvamapi svayam

A horse, a chariot, a she-buffalo, vessels, and garments should likewise be given to brahmins, the gift of a cow taking precedence, given with one's own hand.

Verse 12 (garuda.2.4.12)

दाना न्यन्यान्यपि खग तर्पयेत्स्वीयशक्तितः । प्रायाश्चित्तं कृतं येन दश दानान्यपि क्षितौ

dānā nyanyānyapi khaga tarpayetsvīyaśaktitaḥ | prāyāścittaṁ kṛtaṁ yena daśa dānānyapi kṣitau

O bird, other gifts too, according to one's means, should satisfy the departed. He who has performed atonement on earth by giving these ten gifts,

Verse 13 (garuda.2.4.13)

दानं गोर्वैतरण्याश्च दानान्यष्टौ तथापि वा । तिलपात्रं सर्पिः पात्रं शय्यादानं तथैव च

dānaṁ gorvaitaraṇyāśca dānānyaṣṭau tathāpi vā | tilapātraṁ sarpiḥ pātraṁ śayyādānaṁ tathaiva ca

the gift of the cow and of Vaitarani, the eight gifts, the vessel of sesame, the vessel of ghee, and the gift of a bed,

Verse 14 (garuda.2.4.14)

पददानं च विधिवन्नासौ निरयगर्भगः । स्वातन्त्र्येणापि लवणदानमिच्छन्ति सूरयः

padadānaṁ ca vidhivannāsau nirayagarbhagaḥ | svātantryeṇāpi lavaṇadānamicchanti sūrayaḥ

and the gift of 'the foot' duly performed — such a one does not descend into the womb of hell. The learned wish that salt be given even independently,

Verse 15 (garuda.2.4.15)

विष्णुदेहसमुत्पन्नो यतोऽयं लवणो रसः । आतुरस्य यदा प्राणा न यान्ति वसुधातले

viṣṇudehasamutpanno yato'yaṁ lavaṇo rasaḥ | āturasya yadā prāṇā na yānti vasudhātale

since this saline essence arose from the body of Vishnu. When the dying man's life-breath cannot depart from the earth,

Verse 16 (garuda.2.4.16)

लवणं च तदा देयं द्वारस्योद्वाटनं दिवः । यानिकानि च दानानि स्वयं दत्तानि मानवैः

lavaṇaṁ ca tadā deyaṁ dvārasyodvāṭanaṁ divaḥ | yānikāni ca dānāni svayaṁ dattāni mānavaiḥ

then salt should be given, for it opens the door of heaven. And whatever gifts a man has himself given during life,

Verse 17 (garuda.2.4.17)

तानितानि च सर्वाणि उपतिष्ठन्ति चाग्रतः । प्रायश्चित्तं कृतं येन साङ्गं खग स वै पुमान्

tānitāni ca sarvāṇi upatiṣṭhanti cāgrataḥ | prāyaścittaṁ kṛtaṁ yena sāṁgaṁ khaga sa vai pumān

all of them come and present themselves before him. O bird, that man who has performed atonement complete in every part,

Verse 18 (garuda.2.4.18)

पापानि भस्मसात्कृत्वा स्वर्गलोके महीयते । अमृतं तु गवां क्षीरं यतः पतगसत्तम्

pāpāni bhasmasātkṛtvā svargaloke mahīyate | amṛtaṁ tu gavāṁ kṣīraṁ yataḥ patagasattam

having reduced his sins to ash, is glorified in the world of heaven. O best of birds, since the milk of the cow is very nectar,

Verse 19 (garuda.2.4.19)

तस्माद्ददाति यो धेनुममृतत्वं स गच्छति । दानान्यष्टौ तु दत्त्वा वै गन्धर्वनिलये वसेत्

tasmāddadāti yo dhenumamṛtatvaṁ sa gacchati | dānānyaṣṭau tu dattvā vai gandharvanilaye vaset

he who gives a cow attains immortality thereby. He who gives all eight gifts dwells in the world of the gandharvas.

Verse 20 (garuda.2.4.20)

आलयस्तत्र रौद्रे हि दह्यते येन मानवः । छत्रदानेन सुच्छाया जायते पथि तुष्टिदा

ālayastatra raudre hi dahyate yena mānavaḥ | chatradānena succhāyā jāyate pathi tuṣṭidā

The man who [in a former life] burned another's house is condemned to a terrible [dwelling]; by the gift of an umbrella, one gains, on the road [of death], pleasant and satisfying shade,

Verse 21 (garuda.2.4.21)

असिपत्रवनं धारमतिक्रामति वै सुखम् । अश्वारूढश्च व्रजति ददते यद्युपानहौ

asipatravanaṁ dhāramatikrāmati vai sukham | aśvārūḍhaśca vrajati dadate yadyupānahau

and passes easily over the path of Asipatravana. He who gives sandals travels [that road] mounted upon a horse.

Verse 22 (garuda.2.4.22)

भोजनासनदानेन सुखं मार्गे भुनक्ति वै । प्रदेशे निर्जले दाता सुखी स्याद्वै कमण्डलोः

bhojanāsanadānena sukhaṁ mārge bhunakti vai | pradeśe nirjale dātā sukhī syādvai kamaṇḍaloḥ

By the gift of food and a seat, he enjoys comfort along the way; the giver of a water-pot finds happiness even in a waterless region.

Verse 23 (garuda.2.4.23)

यमदूता महारौद्राः करालाः कृष्णपिङ्गलाः । न पीडयन्ति दाक्षिण्याद्वस्त्राभरणदानतः

yamadūtā mahāraudrāḥ karālāḥ kṛṣṇapiṁgalāḥ | na pīḍayanti dākṣiṇyādvastrābharaṇadānataḥ

The most terrible messengers of Yama, hideous and black-and-tawny, do not torment him — pacified by the gift of garments and ornaments.

Verse 24 (garuda.2.4.24)

तिलपात्रं तु विप्राय दत्तं पत्ररथ ध्रुवम् । नाशयेत्त्रिविधं षापं वाङ्मनः कायसम्भवम्

tilapātraṁ tu viprāya dattaṁ patraratha dhruvam | nāśayettrividhaṁ ṣāpaṁ vāṁmanaḥ kāyasambhavam

The vessel of sesame given to a brahmin, O lord of birds, surely destroys the threefold sin arising from speech, mind, and body.

Verse 25 (garuda.2.4.25)

घृतपात्रप्रदाने रुद्रलोके वसेन्नरः । सर्वोपस्करसंयुक्तां शय्यां दत्त्वा द्विजातये

ghṛtapātrapradāne rudraloke vasennaraḥ | sarvopaskarasaṁyuktāṁ śayyāṁ dattvā dvijātaye

By the gift of a vessel of ghee, a man dwells in the world of Rudra; having given a bed with all its furnishings to a brahmin,

Verse 26 (garuda.2.4.26)

नानाप्सरोभिराकीर्णं विमानमधिरोहति । षष्टिवर्षसहस्राणि क्रीडित्वा शक्रमन्दिरे

nānāpsarobhirākīrṇaṁ vimānamadhirohati | ṣaṣṭivarṣasahasrāṇi krīḍitvā śakramandire

he ascends a celestial chariot thronged with many apsaras. Having sported for sixty thousand years in the mansion of Indra,

Verse 27 (garuda.2.4.27)

इन्द्रलोकात्परिभ्रष्ट इह लोके नृपो भवेत् । सर्वोपस्करणोपेतं युवानं दोषवर्जितम्

indralokātparibhraṣṭa iha loke nṛpo bhavet | sarvopaskaraṇopetaṁ yuvānaṁ doṣavarjitam

fallen from the world of Indra, he becomes a king in this world. He who gives to a brahmin a fully caparisoned horse, young and without blemish,

Verse 28 (garuda.2.4.28)

योऽश्वं ददाति विप्राय स्वर्गलोके च तिष्ठति । यावन्ति रोमाणि हये भवन्ति हि खगेश्वर

yo'śvaṁ dadāti viprāya svargaloke ca tiṣṭhati | yāvanti romāṇi haye bhavanti hi khageśvara

dwells in the world of heaven. O lord of birds, as many hairs as there are on that horse's body,

Verse 29 (garuda.2.4.29)

तावतो राजितांल्लोकानाप्नुवन्ति हि पुष्कलान् । चतुर्भिस्तुरगैर्युक्तं सर्वोपकरणैर्युतम्

tāvato rājitāṁllokānāpnuvanti hi puṣkalān | caturbhisturagairyuktaṁ sarvopakaraṇairyutam

for that many years does he attain radiant and abundant worlds. A chariot yoked with four horses, furnished with every equipment,

Verse 30 (garuda.2.4.30)

रथं द्विजातये दत्त्वा राजसूयफलं लभ्त्

rathaṁ dvijātaye dattvā rājasūyaphalaṁ labht

given to a brahmin, wins for him the fruit of the Rajasuya sacrifice.

Verse 31 (garuda.2.4.31)

दुग्धाधिकां च महिषीं नवमेघवर्णां सन्तुष्टतर्णकवलीं जघनाभिरामाम् । दत्त्वा सुवर्णतिलकां द्विजपुङ्गवाय लोकोदयं स जयतीति किमत्र चित्रम्

dugdhādhikāṁ ca mahiṣīṁ navameghavarṇāṁ santuṣṭatarṇakavalīṁ jaghanābhirāmām | dattvā suvarṇatilakāṁ dvijapuṁgavāya lokodayaṁ sa jayatīti kimatra citram

Giving a she-buffalo — rich in milk, dark as a fresh raincloud, its calf contentedly suckled, lovely of haunch, marked with a golden tilaka — to a foremost brahmin, he triumphs even in this world. What wonder is there in that?

Verse 32 (garuda.2.4.32)

तालवृन्तस्य दानेन वायुना वीज्यते पथि । कान्तियुक्सुभगः श्रीमान् भवत्यम्बरदानतः

tālavṛntasya dānena vāyunā vījyate pathi | kāntiyuksubhagaḥ śrīmān bhavatyambaradānataḥ

By the gift of a fan, the wind fans him upon the road; by the gift of clothes he becomes radiant, comely, and blessed with prosperity.

Verse 33 (garuda.2.4.33)

रसान्नोपस्करयुतं गृहं विप्राय योर्ऽपयेत् । न हीयते तस्य वंशः स्वर्गं प्राप्नोत्यनुत्तमम्

rasānnopaskarayutaṁ gṛhaṁ viprāya yor'payet | na hīyate tasya vaṁśaḥ svargaṁ prāpnotyanuttamam

He who gives a house, complete with provisions, food, and furnishings, to a brahmin — his lineage does not decline, and he attains the highest heaven.

Verse 34 (garuda.2.4.34)

भवत्यत्र खगश्रेष्ठ फलगौखलाघवम् । श्रद्धाश्रद्धाविभेदेन दानगौरवलाघवात्

bhavatyatra khagaśreṣṭha phalagaukhalāghavam | śraddhāśraddhāvibhedena dānagauravalāghavāt

O best of birds, here the fruit varies in greater or lesser measure according to the presence or absence of faith, and according to the greatness or smallness of the gift.

Verse 35 (garuda.2.4.35)

ततो येनाम्बुदानानि कृतान्यत्र रसास्तथा । तदा खग तथाह्लादमापदि प्रतिपद्यते

tato yenāmbudānāni kṛtānyatra rasāstathā | tadā khaga tathāhlādamāpadi pratipadyate

Therefore, O bird, he who here has given water and other liquids as gifts attains just such refreshment in his time of distress.

Verse 36 (garuda.2.4.36)

अन्नानि येन दत्तानि श्रद्धापूतेन चेतसा । सोऽपि तृप्तिमवाप्नोति विनाप्यन्नेन वै तदा

annāni yena dattāni śraddhāpūtena cetasā | so'pi tṛptimavāpnoti vināpyannena vai tadā

He who has given food with a heart purified by faith attains satisfaction even then, without food at all.

Verse 37 (garuda.2.4.37)

आसन्ने मरणे कुर्यात्संन्यासं चेद्विधानतः । आवर्तेत पुनर्नासौ ब्रह्मभूयाय कल्पते

āsanne maraṇe kuryātsaṁnyāsaṁ cedvidhānataḥ | āvarteta punarnāsau brahmabhūyāya kalpate

If, as death draws near, one duly takes to renunciation, he does not return again; he becomes fit for union with Brahman.

Verse 38 (garuda.2.4.38)

आसन्नमरणो मत्यश्चेत्तीर्थं प्रतिनयिते । तीर्थप्राप्तौ भवेन्मुक्तिर्म्रियते यदि मार्गगः । पदेपदे क्रतुसमं भवेत्तस्य न संशयः

āsannamaraṇo matyaścettīrthaṁ pratinayite | tīrthaprāptau bhavenmuktirmriyate yadi mārgagaḥ | padepade kratusamaṁ bhavettasya na saṁśayaḥ

If a dying man is taken to a place of pilgrimage, upon reaching it liberation follows; and if he dies while still on the way, at every single step he gains the merit of a sacrifice — of this there is no doubt.

Verse 39 (garuda.2.4.39)

गृह्णीयाच्चेदनशनं व्रतं विधिवदागते । मृत्यौ न सोऽपि संसारे भूयः पर्यटति द्विज

gṛhṇīyāccedanaśanaṁ vrataṁ vidhivadāgate | mṛtyau na so'pi saṁsāre bhūyaḥ paryaṭati dvija

If, when death duly arrives, one takes up the vow of fasting unto death, he too, O twice-born, wanders no more in the round of existence.

Verse 40 (garuda.2.4.40)

किं दानमिति तुर्यस्य प्रश्नस्योत्तरमीरितम् । दाहमृत्योरन्तरे किमितिप्रश्नोत्तरं शृणु

kiṁ dānamiti turyasya praśnasyottaramīritam | dāhamṛtyorantare kimitipraśnottaraṁ śṛṇu

Thus the answer to the fourth question — what gift should be given — has been told. Now hear the answer to the question of what lies between the fatal illness and the rite of cremation.

Verse 41 (garuda.2.4.41)

गतप्राणं ततो ज्ञात्वा स्नात्वा पुत्रादिराशु तम् । शवं जलेन शुद्धेन क्षालयेदविचारयन्

gataprāṇaṁ tato jñātvā snātvā putrādirāśu tam | śavaṁ jalena śuddhena kṣālayedavicārayan

Knowing that the breath has departed, the son and others should first bathe themselves, and then, without hesitation, wash the corpse with pure water.

Verse 42 (garuda.2.4.42)

परिधाप्याहते वस्त्रे चन्दनैः प्रोक्षयेत्तनुम् । ततो मृतस्य स्थाने वै एकोद्दिष्टं समाचरेत्

paridhāpyāhate vastre candanaiḥ prokṣayettanum | tato mṛtasya sthāne vai ekoddiṣṭaṁ samācaret

Having clothed it in an unstitched garment, one should sprinkle the body with sandal-paste; then, in the place of the deceased, the ekoddishta shraddha should be performed.

Verse 43 (garuda.2.4.43)

प्रयोगपूर्वं दाहस्य योग्यतादिर्यथा भवेत् । आंसनं प्राक्षण च स्यान्न स्यादेतच्चतुष्टयम्

prayogapūrvaṁ dāhasya yogyatādiryathā bhavet | āṁsanaṁ prākṣaṇa ca syānna syādetaccatuṣṭayam

I now tell the preliminary procedure by which the fitness for cremation is established. Seating and sprinkling — these, along with two others, making four in all, are not performed [in this rite],

Verse 44 (garuda.2.4.44)

आवाहनार्चन चैव पान्त्रालम्भावगाहने । भवेद्दानान्नसङ्कल्पः पिण्डदानं सदा भवेत्

āvāhanārcana caiva pāntrālambhāvagāhane | bhaveddānānnasaṁkalpaḥ piṇḍadānaṁ sadā bhavet

nor are invocation, worship, the touching of vessels, or immersion. The resolve for giving and for food are made, and the offering of the pinda always takes place.

Verse 45 (garuda.2.4.45)

पदार्थपञ्चकं न स्याद्रेखा प्रत्यवनेजनम् । दद्यादक्षय्यमुदकं न स्यादेतत्त्रयं पुनः

padārthapañcakaṁ na syādrekhā pratyavanejanam | dadyādakṣayyamudakaṁ na syādetattrayaṁ punaḥ

Five items are not used here, nor the drawing of the line, nor the re-washing. Water for the 'unfailing offering' should be given, but these three others are again not performed —

Verse 46 (garuda.2.4.46)

स्वधावाचनमाशीश्च तिलकं च खगोत्तम । घटं दद्यात्समाषान्नं दद्याल्लोहस्य दक्षिणाम्

svadhāvācanamāśīśca tilakaṁ ca khagottama | ghaṭaṁ dadyātsamāṣānnaṁ dadyāllohasya dakṣiṇām

the utterance of 'svadha', the blessing, and the tilaka mark, O best of birds. A water-pot should be given, food mixed with black gram should be given, and a gift of iron should be given as the fee.

Verse 47 (garuda.2.4.47)

पिण्डस्य चालनं प्रोक्तं नैव प्रोक्तमिदं त्रिकम् । प्रच्छादनविसर्गौ च स्वस्तिवाचनकं तथा

piṇḍasya cālanaṁ proktaṁ naiva proktamidaṁ trikam | pracchādanavisargau ca svastivācanakaṁ tathā

The moving of the pinda is enjoined, but this triad is not prescribed — the covering, the dismissal, and the recitation of svasti,

Verse 48 (garuda.2.4.48)

एषु षट्सु विधिः प्रोक्तः श्राद्धेषु मलिनेषु ते । षडेव मरणस्थाने द्वारि चात्वरिके तथा

eṣu ṣaṭsu vidhiḥ proktaḥ śrāddheṣu malineṣu te | ṣaḍeva maraṇasthāne dvāri cātvarike tathā

in these six is the procedure declared for the shraddhas performed during the period of impurity. At the place of death, at the doorway, at the crossroads — these are the six places —

Verse 49 (garuda.2.4.49)

विश्रामे काष्ठचयने तथा सञ्चयने खग । मृतिस्थाने शवो नाम भूमिस्तुष्यति देवता

viśrāme kāṣṭhacayane tathā sañcayane khaga | mṛtisthāne śavo nāma bhūmistuṣyati devatā

at the resting place, at the place of gathering firewood, and, O bird, at the place of the bone-collecting as well. The place of death itself is called 'shava', and its earth-deity is thereby pleased,

Verse 50 (garuda.2.4.50)

पान्थो द्वारि भवेत्तेन प्रीता स्याद्वास्तुदेवता । चत्वरे खेचरस्तेन तुष्येद्भृतादिदेवता

pāntho dvāri bhavettena prītā syādvāstudevatā | catvare khecarastena tuṣyedbhṛtādidevatā

at the door the deity of travelers is gladdened, and by this the household deity too is pleased. At the crossroads the sky-wandering deity is gladdened, and by this the spirits and their like are satisfied.

Verse 51 (garuda.2.4.51)

विश्रामे भूतसंज्ञोऽयं तुष्टस्तेन दिशो दश । चितायां साधक इति सञ्चितौ प्रेत उच्यते

viśrāme bhūtasaṁjño'yaṁ tuṣṭastena diśo daśa | citāyāṁ sādhaka iti sañcitau preta ucyate

At the resting place this [rite] is known by the name 'bhuta', by which the ten directions are gladdened. Upon the pyre it is called the 'sadhaka', and at the place of bone-gathering it is called 'preta'.

Verse 52 (garuda.2.4.52)

तिलदर्भघृतेधांसि गृहीत्वा तु सुतादयः । गाथां यमस्य सूक्तं वाप्यधीयाना व्रजन्ति हि

tiladarbhaghṛtedhāṁsi gṛhītvā tu sutādayaḥ | gāthāṁ yamasya sūktaṁ vāpyadhīyānā vrajanti hi

Taking sesame, kusha grass, ghee, and firewood, the sons and others walk along, reciting the gatha of Yama or his sukta —

Verse 53 (garuda.2.4.53)

अहरहर्नीयमानो गामश्वं पुरुषं वृषम् । वैवस्वतो न तृप्येत सुरया त्विव दुर्मतिः

aharaharnīyamāno gāmaśvaṁ puruṣaṁ vṛṣam | vaivasvato na tṛpyeta surayā tviva durmatiḥ

'Day after day, cow, horse, man, and bull are led away, and yet foolish Vaivasvata Yama, like one addicted to liquor, is never satisfied —'

Verse 54 (garuda.2.4.54)

इमां गाथमपेतेति सूक्तं वा पथि संपठेत् । दक्षिणस्यां दिश्यरण्यं व्रजेयुः सर्वबान्धवाः

imāṁ gāthamapeteti sūktaṁ vā pathi saṁpaṭhet | dakṣiṇasyāṁ diśyaraṇyaṁ vrajeyuḥ sarvabāndhavāḥ

reciting this gatha or sukta along the way, let all the kinsmen proceed toward the cremation ground lying in the southern direction.

Verse 55 (garuda.2.4.55)

पथि श्राद्धद्वयं कुर्यात्पूर्वोक्तविधिना खग । ततः शनैर्भूतले वै दक्षिणाशिरसं शवम्

pathi śrāddhadvayaṁ kuryātpūrvoktavidhinā khaga | tataḥ śanairbhūtale vai dakṣiṇāśirasaṁ śavam

O bird, on the way, two shraddhas should be performed according to the procedure told earlier. Then, gently laying the corpse upon the ground, its head turned toward the south,

Verse 56 (garuda.2.4.56)

स्थापयित्वा चिताभूमौ पूर्वोक्तं श्राद्धमाचरेत् । तृणकाष्ठतिलाज्यादि स्वयं निन्युः सुतादयः

sthāpayitvā citābhūmau pūrvoktaṁ śrāddhamācaret | tṛṇakāṣṭhatilājyādi svayaṁ ninyuḥ sutādayaḥ

and setting it upon the site of the pyre, the shraddha already described should be performed. The sons and others should themselves carry the grass, wood, sesame, and ghee;

Verse 57 (garuda.2.4.57)

शूद्रानीतैः कृतं कर्म सर्वं भवति निष्फलम् । प्राचीनावीतिना भाव्यं दक्षिणाभिमुकेन च

śūdrānītaiḥ kṛtaṁ karma sarvaṁ bhavati niṣphalam | prācīnāvītinā bhāvyaṁ dakṣiṇābhimukena ca

any rite performed with materials brought by a shudra is entirely fruitless. This should all be done wearing the sacred thread over the right shoulder, facing south.

Verse 58 (garuda.2.4.58)

वेदी तत्र प्रकर्तव्या यथाशास्त्रमथाण्डज । प्रतेवस्त्रं द्विधा कृत्वार्धेन तं छादयेत्ततः

vedī tatra prakartavyā yathāśāstramathāṇḍaja | pratevastraṁ dvidhā kṛtvārdhena taṁ chādayettataḥ

There, O bird, an altar should be prepared according to scriptural rule. The garment of the deceased should be divided into two parts, and with one half the body should be covered,

Verse 59 (garuda.2.4.59)

अर्धं श्मशानवासार्थं भूमावेव विनिः क्षिपेत् । ततः पूर्वोक्तविधिना पिण्डं प्रेतकरे न्यसेत्

ardhaṁ śmaśānavāsārthaṁ bhūmāveva viniḥ kṣipet | tataḥ pūrvoktavidhinā piṇḍaṁ pretakare nyaset

while the other half is left upon the ground, for the sake of the sojourn in the cremation ground. Then, following the procedure already told, the pinda should be placed in the hand of the deceased.

Verse 60 (garuda.2.4.60)

आज्येनाभ्यञ्जनं कार्यं सर्वाङ्गेषु शवस्य च । दाहमृत्योरन्तराले विधिः पिण्डस्य तं शृणु

ājyenābhyañjanaṁ kāryaṁ sarvāṁgeṣu śavasya ca | dāhamṛtyorantarāle vidhiḥ piṇḍasya taṁ śṛṇu

Every limb of the corpse should be anointed with ghee. Now hear the procedure for the pinda-offerings made in the interval between death and cremation.

Verse 61 (garuda.2.4.61)

पूर्वोक्तैः पञ्चभिः पिण्डैः शवस्याहुतियोग्यता । अन्यथा चोपघाताच्च राक्षसाद्या भवन्ति हि

pūrvoktaiḥ pañcabhiḥ piṇḍaiḥ śavasyāhutiyogyatā | anyathā copaghātācca rākṣasādyā bhavanti hi

By the five pindas already described, the corpse becomes fit for its final offering; otherwise, through neglect of this rite, one attains the state of a rakshasa and the like.

Verse 62 (garuda.2.4.62)

संमृज्य चोपलिप्याथ उल्लिख्योद्धृत्य वेदिकाम् । अभ्युक्ष्योपसमाधाय वह्निं तत्र विधानतः

saṁmṛjya copalipyātha ullikhyoddhṛtya vedikām | abhyukṣyopasamādhāya vahniṁ tatra vidhānataḥ

Having swept the altar clean, plastered it, scraped it, and cleared away the earth, having sprinkled it with water and duly established the fire there,

Verse 63 (garuda.2.4.63)

पुष्पाक्षतैश्च संपूज्य देवं क्रव्यादसंज्ञकम् । श्रौतेन तु विधानेन ह्याहिताग्निं दहेद्वुधः

puṣpākṣataiśca saṁpūjya devaṁ kravyādasaṁjñakam | śrautena tu vidhānena hyāhitāgniṁ dahedvudhaḥ

and worshipping with flowers and unbroken rice the deity called Kravyada (the flesh-eating fire), the wise man should cremate one who kept the sacred fires according to the shrauta procedure.

Verse 64 (garuda.2.4.64)

चण्डालाग्निं चिताग्निं च पतिताग्निं परित्यजेत् । त्वं भूतकृज्जगद्योनिस्त्वं लोकपरिपालकः

caṇḍālāgniṁ citāgniṁ ca patitāgniṁ parityajet | tvaṁ bhūtakṛjjagadyonistvaṁ lokaparipālakaḥ

The fire of a chandala, the leftover fire of a previous pyre, and the fire of a fallen person — these should be avoided. 'You are the creator of beings, the source of the world, you are the guardian of the worlds —'

Verse 65 (garuda.2.4.65)

उपसंहर तस्मात्त्वमेनं स्वर्गं नयामृतम् । इति क्रव्यादमभ्यर्च्य शरीराहुतिमाचरेत्

upasaṁhara tasmāttvamenaṁ svargaṁ nayāmṛtam | iti kravyādamabhyarcya śarīrāhutimācaret

'therefore gather this one up, and lead him to the immortal heaven' — thus speaking, having worshipped the god Kravyada, the offering of the body should be made.

Verse 66 (garuda.2.4.66)

अर्धदग्धे तथा देहे दद्यादाज्याहुतिं ततः । अस्मात्त्वमधिजातोऽसि त्वदयं जायतां पुनः

ardhadagdhe tathā dehe dadyādājyāhutiṁ tataḥ | asmāttvamadhijāto'si tvadayaṁ jāyatāṁ punaḥ

When the body is half-burnt, an oblation of ghee should be offered, saying: 'You were born of this; may this be born again of you.'

Verse 67 (garuda.2.4.67)

असौ स्वर्गाय लोकाय स्वाहेत्युक्त्वा तु नामतः । एवमाज्याहुतिं दत्त्वा तिलमिश्रां समन्त्रकम्

asau svargāya lokāya svāhetyuktvā tu nāmataḥ | evamājyāhutiṁ dattvā tilamiśrāṁ samantrakam

'This is for the world of heaven for so-and-so, svaha' — uttering thus, by name, having offered the ghee in this way, the sesame-mixed offering, accompanied by mantra, should also be given.

Verse 68 (garuda.2.4.68)

रोदितव्यं ततो गाढमेवं तस्य सुखं भवेत् । दाहस्यानन्तरं तत्र कृत्वा सञ्चयनिक्रियाम्

roditavyaṁ tato gāḍhamevaṁ tasya sukhaṁ bhavet | dāhasyānantaraṁ tatra kṛtvā sañcayanikriyām

After that, one should weep aloud, for by this the departed finds comfort. Immediately after the cremation, having performed the rite of bone-gathering there,

Verse 69 (garuda.2.4.69)

प्रेतपिण्डं प्रदद्याच्च दाहार्तिशमनं खग । ततः प्रदक्षिणं कृक्त्वा चिताप्रस्थानवीक्षकाः

pretapiṇḍaṁ pradadyācca dāhārtiśamanaṁ khaga | tataḥ pradakṣiṇaṁ kṛktvā citāprasthānavīkṣakāḥ

O bird, the preta-pinda should be offered for the alleviation of the anguish of the burning. Then, having circled the pyre, turning away from it,

Verse 70 (garuda.2.4.70)

कनिष्ठपूर्वाः स्नानार्थं गच्छेयुः सूक्तजापकाः । ततो जालसमीपे तु गत्वा प्रक्षाल्य चांशुकम्

kaniṣṭhapūrvāḥ snānārthaṁ gaccheyuḥ sūktajāpakāḥ | tato jālasamīpe tu gatvā prakṣālya cāṁśukam

with the youngest going first, and chanting the sukta, all should proceed to bathe. Then, going near a body of water, and washing their garments,

Verse 71 (garuda.2.4.71)

परिधाय पुनस्तच्च ब्रृयुस्तं पुरुषं प्रति । उदकं तु करिष्यामः सचैलं पुरुषास्ततः

paridhāya punastacca brṛyustaṁ puruṣaṁ prati | udakaṁ tu kariṣyāmaḥ sacailaṁ puruṣāstataḥ

and putting them on again, they should address the deceased man, saying: 'We shall now perform the water-offering' — thus the men should speak.

Verse 72 (garuda.2.4.72)

कुरुध्वमित्येव वदेच्छतवर्षावरे मृते । पुत्राद्या वृद्धपूर्वास्ते एकवस्त्राः शिखां विना

kurudhvamityeva vadecchatavarṣāvare mṛte | putrādyā vṛddhapūrvāste ekavastrāḥ śikhāṁ vinā

If the deceased was under a hundred years of age, one should simply say 'do it'. The sons and others, with the elders leading, wearing but a single garment, their topknots undone,

Verse 73 (garuda.2.4.73)

प्राचीनावीतिनः सर्वे विशेयुर्मौनिनो जलम् । अपनः शोशुचदघमनेन पितृदिङ्मुखाः

prācīnāvītinaḥ sarve viśeyurmaunino jalam | apanaḥ śośucadaghamanena pitṛdiṁmukhāḥ

the sacred thread over the right shoulder, all should enter the water in silence. Facing the direction of the ancestors (the south), with the thought 'may this burn away our sins,'

Verse 74 (garuda.2.4.74)

जलावघट्टनं चव न कुर्युः स्नानकारकाः । ततस्तटे समागत्य शिखां बद्ध्वा ऋजून् कुशान्

jalāvaghaṭṭanaṁ cava na kuryuḥ snānakārakāḥ | tatastaṭe samāgatya śikhāṁ baddhvā ṛjūn kuśān

those bathing should not disturb the water. Then, coming to the bank, tying up the topknot, and taking straight blades of kusha grass,

Verse 75 (garuda.2.4.75)

दक्षिणाग्रहस्तयोस्तु कृत्वाथ सतिलं जलम् । आदायाञ्जलिना याम्यां दुः खी पैतृकतीर्थतः

dakṣiṇāgrahastayostu kṛtvātha satilaṁ jalam | ādāyāñjalinā yāmyāṁ duḥ khī paitṛkatīrthataḥ

stretching both hands toward the south, taking water mixed with sesame, sorrowfully, through the pitr-tirtha [the space between thumb and forefinger] of the palm,

Verse 76 (garuda.2.4.76)

एकवारं त्रिवारं वा दशवारमथापि वा । भूमावश्मनि वा सर्वे क्षिपेयुर्वाग्यताः खग

ekavāraṁ trivāraṁ vā daśavāramathāpi vā | bhūmāvaśmani vā sarve kṣipeyurvāgyatāḥ khaga

once, or three times, or even ten times, O bird, let all, remaining silent, release that water upon the ground or upon a stone —

Verse 77 (garuda.2.4.77)

तृप्यन्तु तृप्यतां वापि तर्पयाम्युपतिष्ठताम् । प्रेतैतदमुकगोत्रेत्युक्तेष्वेवं समुच्चरेत्

tṛpyantu tṛpyatāṁ vāpi tarpayāmyupatiṣṭhatām | pretaitadamukagotretyukteṣvevaṁ samuccaret

'may they be satisfied, may they be satisfied, I offer this tarpana, may they draw near' — saying 'O departed one of such-and-such gotra!' — thus should the words be uttered.

Verse 78 (garuda.2.4.78)

जलाञ्जलौ कृते पश्चाद्विधेयं दन्तधावनम् । त्यजन्ति गोत्रिणः सर्वे दिनानि नव काश्यप

jalāñjalau kṛte paścādvidheyaṁ dantadhāvanam | tyajanti gotriṇaḥ sarve dināni nava kāśyapa

After the offering of the water in the palms, the cleaning of the teeth should follow. O Kashyapa, all of the same gotra observe certain abstentions for nine days.

Verse 79 (garuda.2.4.79)

तत उत्तीर्योदकाद्वै वस्त्राणि परिधाय च । स्नानवस्त्रं सकृत्पीड्य विशेयुः शुचिभूतले

tata uttīryodakādvai vastrāṇi paridhāya ca | snānavastraṁ sakṛtpīḍya viśeyuḥ śucibhūtale

Then, having emerged from the water and put on their garments, and having wrung out the bathing-cloth once, they should step upon pure ground.

Verse 80 (garuda.2.4.80)

अश्रुपातं न कुर्वीत दत्त्वा दाहजलाञ्जलिम् । श्लेष्माश्रु बान्धवैर्मुक्तं प्रेतो भुङ्क्ते यतोऽवशः

aśrupātaṁ na kurvīta dattvā dāhajalāñjalim | śleṣmāśru bāndhavairmuktaṁ preto bhuṁkte yato'vaśaḥ

After giving the offering of water for the cremation, one should not shed tears, for the departed spirit is helpless and must consume the phlegm and tears shed by his own kin.

Verse 81 (garuda.2.4.81)

अतो न रोदितव्यं हि क्रियाः कार्याः स्वशक्तितः । ततस्तेषूपविष्टेषु पुराणज्ञः सुकृत्स्वकः

ato na roditavyaṁ hi kriyāḥ kāryāḥ svaśaktitaḥ | tatasteṣūpaviṣṭeṣu purāṇajñaḥ sukṛtsvakaḥ

Therefore one should not weep, but should perform the rites according to one's ability. Then, when all are seated there, one learned in the Puranas, himself of good conduct,

Verse 82 (garuda.2.4.82)

शोकापनोदं कुर्वीत संसारानित्यतां ब्रुवन् । मानुष्ये कदलीस्तन्भे असारे सारमार्गणम्

śokāpanodaṁ kurvīta saṁsārānityatāṁ bruvan | mānuṣye kadalīstanbhe asāre sāramārgaṇam

should dispel their grief by discoursing on the impermanence of worldly existence — human life is as hollow as a plantain trunk, and to search

Verse 83 (garuda.2.4.83)

करोति यः स संमूढो जलबुद्वद्रसन्निभे । पञ्चधा संभृतः कायो यदि पञ्चत्वमागतः

karoti yaḥ sa saṁmūḍho jalabudvadrasannibhe | pañcadhā saṁbhṛtaḥ kāyo yadi pañcatvamāgataḥ

for substance in it is the act of a fool — as futile as seeking it in a water-bubble or a flowing stream. This body is formed of five elements; if it has now returned to those five,

Verse 84 (garuda.2.4.84)

कर्मभिः स्वशरीरोत्थैस्तत्र का परिदेवना । गन्त्री वसुमती नाशमुदधिर्दैवतानि च

karmabhiḥ svaśarīrotthaistatra kā paridevanā | gantrī vasumatī nāśamudadhirdaivatāni ca

through deeds arising from that very body of its own, then what cause is there for lamentation? Even this vast earth is destined for dissolution, and the ocean and the gods too;

Verse 85 (garuda.2.4.85)

फेनप्रख्यः कथं नाशं मर्त्यलोको न यास्यति । एवं संश्रावयेत्तत्र मृदुशाद्वलसंस्थितान्

phenaprakhyaḥ kathaṁ nāśaṁ martyaloko na yāsyati | evaṁ saṁśrāvayettatra mṛduśādvalasaṁsthitān

fleeting as foam, why then should this mortal world not likewise pass to dissolution? Thus should it be spoken to those seated there upon the soft grass.

Verse 86 (garuda.2.4.86)

तेऽयि संश्रुत्य गच्छेयुर्गृहं बालपुरः सराः । विदश्य र्निबपत्राणि नियता द्वारि वेश्मनः

te'yi saṁśrutya gaccheyurgṛhaṁ bālapuraḥ sarāḥ | vidaśya rnibapatrāṇi niyatā dvāri veśmanaḥ

Hearing this, they should return home, the youngest leading, together with their companions. At the door of the house, chewing neem leaves, standing there according to rule,

Verse 87 (garuda.2.4.87)

आचम्य वह्निसलिलं गोमयं गौरसर्षपान् । दूर्वाप्रवालं वृषभमन्यदप्यथ मङ्गलम्

ācamya vahnisalilaṁ gomayaṁ gaurasarṣapān | dūrvāpravālaṁ vṛṣabhamanyadapyatha maṁgalam

having sipped water for purification, and touching fire, water, cow-dung, white mustard-seed, durva shoots, a bull, and other auspicious objects,

Verse 88 (garuda.2.4.88)

प्रविशेयुः समालभ्य कृत्वाश्मनि पदं शनैः । श्रौतेन तु विधानेन आहिताग्निं देहद्वधः

praviśeyuḥ samālabhya kṛtvāśmani padaṁ śanaiḥ | śrautena tu vidhānena āhitāgniṁ dehadvadhaḥ

and setting their feet gently upon a stone, they should enter the house. According to shrauta procedure, the wise should cremate one who kept the sacred fires by a distinct rite.

Verse 89 (garuda.2.4.89)

ऊनद्विवर्षं निखनेन्न कुर्यादुदकं ततः । योषित्पतिव्रता या स्याद्भर्तारं यानुगच्छति

ūnadvivarṣaṁ nikhanenna kuryādudakaṁ tataḥ | yoṣitpativratā yā syādbhartāraṁ yānugacchati

A child under two years of age should be buried, and no water-rite performed for it. The devoted wife who follows her husband [into the fire],

Verse 90 (garuda.2.4.90)

प्रयोग पूर्वं भर्तारं नमस्कृत्यारुहेच्चितिम् । चितिभ्रष्टा तु या मोहात्सा प्राजापत्यमाचरेत्

prayoga pūrvaṁ bhartāraṁ namaskṛtyāruheccitim | citibhraṣṭā tu yā mohātsā prājāpatyamācaret

should, according to the rite, salute her husband and ascend the pyre. She who, overcome by fear, falls back from the pyre, should perform the prajapatya penance.

Verse 91 (garuda.2.4.91)

तिस्रः कोट्योर्धकोटी य यानि लोमानि मानुषे । तावत्कालं वसेत्स्वर्गे भर्तारं यानुगच्छति

tisraḥ koṭyordhakoṭī ya yāni lomāni mānuṣe | tāvatkālaṁ vasetsvarge bhartāraṁ yānugacchati

For as many years as there are hairs on the human body — three and a half crores — she who follows her husband dwells in heaven for that length of time.

Verse 92 (garuda.2.4.92)

व्यालग्राही यथा व्यालं बिलादुद्धरते बलात् । तद्वदुद्धृत्य सा नारी तेनैव सह मोदते

vyālagrāhī yathā vyālaṁ bilāduddharate balāt | tadvaduddhṛtya sā nārī tenaiva saha modate

Just as a snake-catcher forcibly draws a serpent out from its hole, so does that woman draw her husband out [from the grip of death], and rejoices together with him.

Verse 93 (garuda.2.4.93)

तत्र सा भर्तृपरमा स्तूयमानाप्सरोगणैः । क्रीडते पतिना सार्धं यावदिन्द्राश्चतुर्दश

tatra sā bhartṛparamā stūyamānāpsarogaṇaiḥ | krīḍate patinā sārdhaṁ yāvadindrāścaturdaśa

There, utterly devoted to her husband, praised by throngs of apsaras, she sports together with her husband for the span of fourteen Indras.

Verse 94 (garuda.2.4.94)

ब्रह्मघ्नो वा कृघ्नो वा मित्त्रिघ्नो वा भवेत्पतिः । पुनात्यविधवा नारी तमादाय मृता तु या

brahmaghno vā kṛghno vā mittrighno vā bhavetpatiḥ | punātyavidhavā nārī tamādāya mṛtā tu yā

Even if the husband be the killer of a brahmin, an ingrate, or a betrayer of friends — the undivorced wife who dies and takes him with her purifies him too.

Verse 95 (garuda.2.4.95)

मृते भर्तरि या नारी समारोहेद्धुताशनम् । सारन्धतीसमाचारा स्वर्गलोके महीयते

mṛte bhartari yā nārī samāroheddhutāśanam | sārandhatīsamācārā svargaloke mahīyate

The woman who ascends the fire upon her husband's death, her conduct like that of Arundhati, is glorified in the world of heaven.

Verse 96 (garuda.2.4.96)

यावच्चाग्नौ मृते पत्यौ स्त्री नात्मानं प्रदाहयेत् । तावन्न मुच्यते सा हि स्त्रीशरीरात्कथञ्चन

yāvaccāgnau mṛte patyau strī nātmānaṁ pradāhayet | tāvanna mucyate sā hi strīśarīrātkathañcana

So long as, upon her husband's death, a woman does not consign herself to the fire, she is not released, by any means, from the body of a woman.

Verse 97 (garuda.2.4.97)

मातृकं पैतृकं चैव यत्र चैव प्रदीयते । कुलत्रयं पुनात्येषा भर्तारं यानुगच्छति

mātṛkaṁ paitṛkaṁ caiva yatra caiva pradīyate | kulatrayaṁ punātyeṣā bhartāraṁ yānugacchati

The mother's family, the father's family, and the family into which she is given in marriage — all three lineages she purifies, she who follows her husband.

Verse 98 (garuda.2.4.98)

आर्तार्ते मुदिते हृष्टा प्रोषिते मलिना कृशा । मृते म्रियेत या पत्यौ सा स्त्री ज्ञेया पतिव्रता

ārtārte mudite hṛṣṭā proṣite malinā kṛśā | mṛte mriyeta yā patyau sā strī jñeyā pativratā

Sorrowful when her husband sorrows, joyful when he rejoices, growing wan and thin when he is away, and dying when he dies — such a woman alone is known as truly devoted to her husband.

Verse 99 (garuda.2.4.99)

पृथक्चितां समारुह्य न प्रिया गन्तुमर्हति । क्षत्त्रियाद्याः सवर्णाश्च आरोहेयुरपीह ताः

pṛthakcitāṁ samāruhya na priyā gantumarhati | kṣattriyādyāḥ savarṇāśca āroheyurapīha tāḥ

It is not fitting that a beloved wife ascend upon a separate pyre; women of kshatriya and similar equal rank may also here ascend the very same pyre.

Verse 100 (garuda.2.4.100)

चाण्डालीमवधिं कृत्वा ब्राह्मणीतः समो विधिः । अगर्भिणीनां सर्वासामबालताक्मे(का)नामपि

cāṇḍālīmavadhiṁ kṛtvā brāhmaṇītaḥ samo vidhiḥ | agarbhiṇīnāṁ sarvāsāmabālatākme(kā)nāmapi

Excluding only the chandala woman, this same rule applies equally up to the brahmin woman — for all women who are not pregnant, not underage, and not menstruating,

Verse 101 (garuda.2.4.101)

दहनस्य विधिः प्रोक्तः सामान्येन मया खग । विशेषमपि तस्यास्य कञ्चित्किं श्रोतुमिच्छति

dahanasya vidhiḥ proktaḥ sāmānyena mayā khaga | viśeṣamapi tasyāsya kañcitkiṁ śrotumicchati

O bird, I have now told you this rite of cremation in general terms. Do you wish to hear of some particular aspect of it as well?

Verse 102 (garuda.2.4.102)

गरुड उवाच । प्रोषिते तु मृते स्वामिन्यस्थ्निनाशमुपेयुषि । कथं दाहः प्रकर्तव्यस्तन्मे वद जगत्पते

garuḍa uvāca | proṣite tu mṛte svāminyasthnināśamupeyuṣi | kathaṁ dāhaḥ prakartavyastanme vada jagatpate

Garuda said: O Lord, if a man dies while traveling abroad, and even his bones are lost, how then should the cremation be performed? Tell me this, O Lord of the world.

Verse 103 (garuda.2.4.103)

श्रीकृष्ण उवाच । अस्थीनि चेन्न लभ्यन्ते प्रोषितस्य नरस्य च । तेषाञ्च हि गतिस्थानं विधानं कथयाम्यहम्

śrīkṛṣṇa uvāca | asthīni cenna labhyante proṣitasya narasya ca | teṣāñca hi gatisthānaṁ vidhānaṁ kathayāmyaham

Shri Krishna said: If the bones of a man who died abroad cannot be obtained, I shall tell you the procedure that serves as their substitute.

Verse 104 (garuda.2.4.104)

शृणु तार्क्ष्य परं गोप्यं पत्युर्दुर्मरणेषु यत् । लङ्घनैर्ये मृता जीवां दंष्ट्रिभिश्चाभिघातिताः

śṛṇu tārkṣya paraṁ gopyaṁ patyurdurmaraṇeṣu yat | laṁghanairye mṛtā jīvāṁ daṁṣṭribhiścābhighātitāḥ

Hear, O Tarkshya, this most secret matter concerning those who die by an evil death — those who die by falling from an animal's back, those struck down by fanged beasts,

Verse 105 (garuda.2.4.105)

कण्ठग्रहे विलग्नानां क्षीणानां तुण्डघातिनाम् । विषाग्निवृषविप्रेभ्यो विषूच्या चात्मघातकाः

kaṇṭhagrahe vilagnānāṁ kṣīṇānāṁ tuṇḍaghātinām | viṣāgnivṛṣaviprebhyo viṣūcyā cātmaghātakāḥ

those caught by a noose at the throat, those wasted by illness, those struck on the face, those killed by poison, fire, a bull, or a brahmin's curse, by cholera, or by their own hand —

Verse 106 (garuda.2.4.106)

पतनोद्बन्धनजलैर्मृतानां शृणु संस्थितिम् । सर्पव्याघ्रैः शृङ्गिभिश्च उपसर्गोपलोदकैः

patanodbandhanajalairmṛtānāṁ śṛṇu saṁsthitim | sarpavyāghraiḥ śṛṁgibhiśca upasargopalodakaiḥ

hear the state of those who die by falling, by hanging, or by drowning — those killed by serpents, tigers, or horned beasts, by epidemic or by water,

Verse 107 (garuda.2.4.107)

ब्राह्मणैः श्वापदैश्चैव पतनैर्वृक्षवैद्युतैः । नखैर्लोहैर्गिरेः पातैर्भित्तिपातैर्भृगोस्तथा

brāhmaṇaiḥ śvāpadaiścaiva patanairvṛkṣavaidyutaiḥ | nakhairlohairgireḥ pātairbhittipātairbhṛgostathā

by a brahmin's curse, by wild beasts, by a fall, by a tree, by lightning, by claws, by iron, by a fall from a mountain, by a collapsing wall, or by a fall from a cliff,

Verse 108 (garuda.2.4.108)

कट्वायामन्तरिक्षे च चौरचाण्डालतस्तथा । उदक्याशुनकीशूद्ररजकादिविभूषिताः

kaṭvāyāmantarikṣe ca cauracāṇḍālatastathā | udakyāśunakīśūdrarajakādivibhūṣitāḥ

by bitter poison, in mid-air, at the hands of a thief or a chandala — those touched by a menstruating woman, a bitch, a shudra, a washerman, or the like,

Verse 109 (garuda.2.4.109)

ऊर्ध्वोचछिष्टाधरोच्छिष्टोभयोच्छिष्टास्तु ये मृताः । शस्त्रघातैर्मृता ये चास्यश्वस्पृष्टास्तथैव च

ūrdhvocachiṣṭādharocchiṣṭobhayocchiṣṭāstu ye mṛtāḥ | śastraghātairmṛtā ye cāsyaśvaspṛṣṭāstathaiva ca

those who die with the mouth defiled, or the lower body defiled, or both defiled by leavings, those killed by weapons, and those who die touched by a horse or an ass —

Verse 110 (garuda.2.4.110)

तत्तु दुर्मरणं ज्ञेयं यच्च जातं विधैं विना । तेन पापेन नरकान् भुक्त्वा प्रेतत्वभागिनः

tattu durmaraṇaṁ jñeyaṁ yacca jātaṁ vidhaiṁ vinā | tena pāpena narakān bhuktvā pretatvabhāginaḥ

all this is to be known as an evil death — one that occurred outside due order. Owing to that sin, after enduring hell, such beings attain the state of a preta.

Verse 111 (garuda.2.4.111)

न तेषां कारयेद्दाहं सूतकं नोदकक्रियाम् । न विधानं मृताद्यञ्च न कुर्या दौर्ध्वदैहिकम्

na teṣāṁ kārayeddāhaṁ sūtakaṁ nodakakriyām | na vidhānaṁ mṛtādyañca na kuryā daurdhvadaihikam

For them, cremation should not be performed, nor the period of impurity observed, nor the water-rite; no other procedure, nor the funerary rites for the dead, should be carried out.

Verse 112 (garuda.2.4.112)

न पिण्डदानं कर्तव्यं प्रमादाच्चेत्करोति हि । नोपतिष्ठति तत्सर्वमन्तरिक्षे विनश्यति

na piṇḍadānaṁ kartavyaṁ pramādāccetkaroti hi | nopatiṣṭhati tatsarvamantarikṣe vinaśyati

The offering of the pinda should also not be made; and if, through inadvertence, one does perform it, none of it reaches the deceased at all — it is lost in mid-air.

Verse 113 (garuda.2.4.113)

अतस्तस्य सुतैः पौत्त्रैः सपिण्डैः शुभमिच्छुभिः । नारायणबलिः कार्यो लोकगर्हाभिया खग

atastasya sutaiḥ pauttraiḥ sapiṇḍaiḥ śubhamicchubhiḥ | nārāyaṇabaliḥ kāryo lokagarhābhiyā khaga

Therefore, O bird, his sons, grandsons, and kinsmen, desiring his welfare and fearing the censure of the world, should perform the Narayana-bali rite.

Verse 114 (garuda.2.4.114)

तथा तेषां भवेच्छौचं नान्यथेत्यब्रवीद्यमः । कृते नारायणबलावौर्ध्वदेहिकयोग्यता

tathā teṣāṁ bhavecchaucaṁ nānyathetyabravīdyamaḥ | kṛte nārāyaṇabalāvaurdhvadehikayogyatā

Yama himself has declared that only thus is their purification achieved, and not otherwise. Only when the Narayana-bali has been performed does the fitness for the funerary rites arise.

Verse 115 (garuda.2.4.115)

तस्य सुद्धिकरं कर्म तद्भवेन्न तदन्यथा । नारायणबलिं सम्यक्तीर्थे सर्वं प्रक्पयेत्

tasya suddhikaraṁ karma tadbhavenna tadanyathā | nārāyaṇabaliṁ samyaktīrthe sarvaṁ prakpayet

This alone is the rite that purifies him, and nothing else. The Narayana-bali should be performed properly, at a place of pilgrimage, according to due rite.

Verse 116 (garuda.2.4.116)

कृष्णाग्रे कारयेद्बिप्रैर्येन पूतो भवेन्नरः । पूर्वन्तु तर्पणं कार्यं विप्रैः पौराणवैदिकैः

kṛṣṇāgre kārayedbiprairyena pūto bhavennaraḥ | pūrvantu tarpaṇaṁ kāryaṁ vipraiḥ paurāṇavaidikaiḥ

It should be performed before an image of Krishna, by brahmins, by which the man is purified. First, tarpana should be performed by brahmins learned in the Puranas and the Vedas.

Verse 117 (garuda.2.4.117)

सर्वौषध्यक्षतैर्मिश्रैर्विष्णुमुद्दिश्य तर्पयेत् । कार्यं पुरुषसूक्तेन मन्त्रैर्वा वैष्णवैरपि

sarvauṣadhyakṣatairmiśrairviṣṇumuddiśya tarpayet | kāryaṁ puruṣasūktena mantrairvā vaiṣṇavairapi

With water mixed with every herb and unbroken rice, tarpana directed to Vishnu should be performed, using the Purusha-sukta or the Vaishnava mantras.

Verse 118 (garuda.2.4.118)

दक्षिणाभिमुखो भूत्वा प्रेतं विष्णुमिति स्मरन् । अनादिनिधनो देवः शङ्खचक्रगदाधरः

dakṣiṇābhimukho bhūtvā pretaṁ viṣṇumiti smaran | anādinidhano devaḥ śaṁkhacakragadādharaḥ

Facing south, remembering the departed as Vishnu himself, one should say: 'O God without beginning or end, bearer of conch, discus, and mace,

Verse 119 (garuda.2.4.119)

अक्षयः पुण्डरीकाक्षः प्रेतमोक्षप्रदो भव । तर्पणस्यावसाने स्याद्वीतरागो विमत्सरः

akṣayaḥ puṇḍarīkākṣaḥ pretamokṣaprado bhava | tarpaṇasyāvasāne syādvītarāgo vimatsaraḥ

imperishable, lotus-eyed — grant liberation to this departed soul.' At the end of the tarpana, the performer, freed of passion and envy,

Verse 120 (garuda.2.4.120)

जितेन्द्रियमना भूत्वा शुचिष्मान्धर्मतत्परः । भक्त्या तत्र प्रकुर्वीत श्राद्धान्येकादशैव तु

jitendriyamanā bhūtvā śuciṣmāndharmatatparaḥ | bhaktyā tatra prakurvīta śrāddhānyekādaśaiva tu

his senses conquered, pure and devoted to dharma, should perform there, with devotion, eleven shraddhas.

Verse 121 (garuda.2.4.121)

सर्वकर्मविधाने एकैकाग्रे समाहितः । तोयव्रीहियवान्दद्याद्गोधूमांश्च प्रियङ्गवः

sarvakarmavidhāne ekaikāgre samāhitaḥ | toyavrīhiyavāndadyādgodhūmāṁśca priyaṁgavaḥ

With single-minded attention throughout every step of the rite, water, rice, barley, wheat, and priyangu grain should be offered.

Verse 122 (garuda.2.4.122)

हविष्यान्नं शुभं मुद्रां छत्रोष्णीषे च दापयेत् । दापयेत्सर्वसंस्यानि क्षीरं क्षौद्रसमान्वितम्

haviṣyānnaṁ śubhaṁ mudrāṁ chatroṣṇīṣe ca dāpayet | dāpayetsarvasaṁsyāni kṣīraṁ kṣaudrasamānvitam

Sacrificial food, auspicious green gram, an umbrella, and a turban should be offered. Milk together with honey, and all such provisions, should be offered.

Verse 123 (garuda.2.4.123)

वस्त्रोपानहसंयुक्तं दद्यादष्टविधं पदम् । द्पयेत्सर्वपापेभ्यो न कुर्यात्पङ्क्तिवञ्चनम्

vastropānahasaṁyuktaṁ dadyādaṣṭavidhaṁ padam | dpayetsarvapāpebhyo na kuryātpaṁktivañcanam

The eightfold 'foot-gift', together with garments and sandals, should be given. He should be freed from every sin; no one in the row of diners should be slighted.

Verse 124 (garuda.2.4.124)

भूमौ स्थितेषु पिण्डेषु गन्धपुष्पाक्षतान्वितम् । दातव्यं सर्वंविप्रेभ्यो वेदशास्त्रविधानतः

bhūmau sthiteṣu piṇḍeṣu gandhapuṣpākṣatānvitam | dātavyaṁ sarvaṁviprebhyo vedaśāstravidhānataḥ

Upon the pindas placed on the ground, fragrant paste, flowers, and unbroken rice should be offered, and they should be given to all the brahmins according to the procedure of the Veda and the shastras.

Verse 125 (garuda.2.4.125)

शङ्खे खड्गेऽथ वा ताम्रे तर्पणञ्च पृथक्पृथक् । ध्यानधारणसंयुक्तो जानुभ्यामवनीं गतः

śaṁkhe khaḍge'tha vā tāmre tarpaṇañca pṛthakpṛthak | dhyānadhāraṇasaṁyukto jānubhyāmavanīṁ gataḥ

In a conch, upon a sword, or in a copper vessel, tarpana should be performed separately for each. United in meditation and concentration, kneeling upon the ground on both knees,

Verse 126 (garuda.2.4.126)

ऋचा वै दापयेदर्घमर्घोद्दिष्टं पृथक्पृथक् । ब्रह्मा विष्णुश्च रुद्रश्च यमः प्रेतश्च पञ्चमः

ṛcā vai dāpayedarghamarghoddiṣṭaṁ pṛthakpṛthak | brahmā viṣṇuśca rudraśca yamaḥ pretaśca pañcamaḥ

arghya should be offered with the verse, each arghya distinctly designated. Brahma, Vishnu, Rudra, Yama, and fifth the preta himself —

Verse 127 (garuda.2.4.127)

पृथक्कुम्भे ततः स्थाप्याः पञ्चरत्नसमन्विताः । वस्त्रयज्ञोपवीतानि पृथङ्मुद्गाः पदानि च

pṛthakkumbhe tataḥ sthāpyāḥ pañcaratnasamanvitāḥ | vastrayajñopavītāni pṛthaṁmudgāḥ padāni ca

for these, water together with the five jewels should be set in separate pots. Garments, sacred threads, separate mudras, and the foot-gift as well,

Verse 128 (garuda.2.4.128)

पञ्च श्राद्धानि कुर्वीत देवतानां यथाविधि । जलधारां ततः कुर्यात्पिण्डेपिण्डे पृथक्पृथक्

pañca śrāddhāni kurvīta devatānāṁ yathāvidhi | jaladhārāṁ tataḥ kuryātpiṇḍepiṇḍe pṛthakpṛthak

five shraddhas should be performed for these deities, each according to rule. Then a stream of water should be offered separately upon each pinda,

Verse 129 (garuda.2.4.129)

शङ्खे वा ताम्रपात्रे वा अलाभे मृन्मये पि वा । तिलोदकं समादाय सर्वोषधिमसन्वितम्

śaṁkhe vā tāmrapātre vā alābhe mṛnmaye pi vā | tilodakaṁ samādāya sarvoṣadhimasanvitam

in a conch, or a copper vessel, or, failing these, even an earthen vessel. Taking water mixed with sesame, together with every herb,

Verse 130 (garuda.2.4.130)

ताम्रपात्रं तिलैः पूर्णं सहिरण्यं सदक्षिणम् । दद्याद्ब्राह्मणमुख्याय पददानं तथैच

tāmrapātraṁ tilaiḥ pūrṇaṁ sahiraṇyaṁ sadakṣiṇam | dadyādbrāhmaṇamukhyāya padadānaṁ tathaica

a copper vessel filled with sesame, together with gold and a fee, should be given to a foremost brahmin, and the foot-gift should likewise be given.

Verse 131 (garuda.2.4.131)

यमोद्देशेतिलांल्लौहं ततो दद्याच्च दक्षिणाम् । एवं विष्णुबलिं दत्त्वा यथाशक्त्या विधानतः

yamoddeśetilāṁllauhaṁ tato dadyācca dakṣiṇām | evaṁ viṣṇubaliṁ dattvā yathāśaktyā vidhānataḥ

Sesame and iron, directed to Yama, should be given, followed by a fee. Thus, having given the Vishnu-bali according to one's means and by due rite,

Verse 132 (garuda.2.4.132)

समुद्धरति तत्क्षिप्रं नात्र कार्या विचारण नागदंशान्मृतो यस्तु विशेषस्तन्तु मे शृणु

samuddharati tatkṣipraṁ nātra kāryā vicāraṇa nāgadaṁśānmṛto yastu viśeṣastantu me śṛṇu

he is at once delivered from his plight — of this there should be no doubt. Now hear the special rite for one who has died from snakebite.

Verse 133 (garuda.2.4.133)

सुवर्णभारनिष्पन्नं नागं कृत्वा तथैव गाम् । विप्राय दत्त्वा विधिवत्पितुरानृण्यमाप्नुयात्

suvarṇabhāraniṣpannaṁ nāgaṁ kṛtvā tathaiva gām | viprāya dattvā vidhivatpiturānṛṇyamāpnuyāt

A golden serpent equal in weight [to what is prescribed], and likewise a cow, given duly to a brahmin, frees him from the debt owed to his father.

Verse 134 (garuda.2.4.134)

एवं सर्पबलिं दत्त्वा सर्पदोषाद्विमुच्यते । पश्चात्पुत्तलकं कार्यं सर्वोषधिसमन्वितम्

evaṁ sarpabaliṁ dattvā sarpadoṣādvimucyate | paścātputtalakaṁ kāryaṁ sarvoṣadhisamanvitam

Thus, having given the serpent-offering, he is freed from the taint of the serpent. After this, an effigy should be made, made up of every kind of herb.

Verse 135 (garuda.2.4.135)

पलाशस्य च वृन्तानां विभागं शृणु काश्यप । कृष्णाजिनं समास्तीर्य कुशैश्च पुरुषाकृतिम्

palāśasya ca vṛntānāṁ vibhāgaṁ śṛṇu kāśyapa | kṛṣṇājinaṁ samāstīrya kuśaiśca puruṣākṛtim

O Kashyapa, hear the apportioning of the palasha stalks. A black antelope skin should be spread out, and a human figure fashioned from kusha grass.

Verse 136 (garuda.2.4.136)

शतत्रयेण षष्ट्या च वृन्तैः प्रोक्तोऽस्थिसञ्चयः । विन्यस्य तानि वृन्तानि अङ्गेष्वेषु पृथक्पृथक्

śatatrayeṇa ṣaṣṭyā ca vṛntaiḥ prokto'sthisañcayaḥ | vinyasya tāni vṛntāni aṁgeṣveṣu pṛthakpṛthak

The gathering of the bones is prescribed with three hundred and sixty stalks; placing those stalks separately upon the various limbs —

Verse 137 (garuda.2.4.137)

चत्वारिंशच्छिरोभागे ग्रीवायां दश विन्यसेत् । विंशत्युरः स्थले दद्याद्विंशतिञ्जठरे तथा

catvāriṁśacchirobhāge grīvāyāṁ daśa vinyaset | viṁśatyuraḥ sthale dadyādviṁśatiñjaṭhare tathā

forty upon the head, ten upon the neck; twenty upon the chest, and likewise twenty upon the belly.

Verse 138 (garuda.2.4.138)

बाहुद्वये शतं दद्यात्कटिदेशे च विंशतिम् । ऊरुद्वये शतञ्चापि त्रिंशज्जङ्घाद्वये न्यसेत्

bāhudvaye śataṁ dadyātkaṭideśe ca viṁśatim | ūrudvaye śatañcāpi triṁśajjaṁghādvaye nyaset

A hundred upon the two arms, and twenty at the waist; a hundred also upon the two thighs, and thirty upon the two shins.

Verse 139 (garuda.2.4.139)

दद्याच्चतुष्टयं शिश्ने षड्दद्याद्वृषाणद्वये । दश पादाङ्गुलीभागे एवमस्थीनि विन्यसेत्

dadyāccatuṣṭayaṁ śiśne ṣaḍdadyādvṛṣāṇadvaye | daśa pādāṁgulībhāge evamasthīni vinyaset

Four upon the male organ, six upon the two testicles; ten upon the toes — thus should the bones be arranged.

Verse 140 (garuda.2.4.140)

नारिकेलं शिरः स्थानें तुम्बं दद्याच्च तालुके । पञ्चरत्नं मुखे दद्याज्जिह्वायां कदलीफलम्

nārikelaṁ śiraḥ sthāneṁ tumbaṁ dadyācca tāluke | pañcaratnaṁ mukhe dadyājjihvāyāṁ kadalīphalam

A coconut in place of the head, a gourd for the palate; five jewels in the mouth, a plantain fruit for the tongue.

Verse 141 (garuda.2.4.141)

अन्त्रेषु नालिकं तद्याद्वालुकाङ्घ्राणे एव च । वसायां मृत्तिकां दद्याद्धरितालमनः शिलाः

antreṣu nālikaṁ tadyādvālukāṁghrāṇe eva ca | vasāyāṁ mṛttikāṁ dadyāddharitālamanaḥ śilāḥ

Reed-pipes for the intestines, sand for the nostrils; clay in place of fat, and orpiment and realgar.

Verse 142 (garuda.2.4.142)

पारदं रेतसः स्थाने पुरीषे पित्तलं तथा । मनः शिला तथा गात्रे तिलपक्वन्तु सन्धिषु

pāradaṁ retasaḥ sthāne purīṣe pittalaṁ tathā | manaḥ śilā tathā gātre tilapakvantu sandhiṣu

Mercury in place of semen, and brass in place of bile; realgar upon the body, and a paste of sesame at the joints.

Verse 143 (garuda.2.4.143)

यवपिष्टं यथा मांसे मधु शोणितमेव च । केशेषु च जटाजूटं त्वचायाञ्च मृगत्वचम्

yavapiṣṭaṁ yathā māṁse madhu śoṇitameva ca | keśeṣu ca jaṭājūṭaṁ tvacāyāñca mṛgatvacam

Barley-flour in place of flesh, honey in place of blood; a matted lock in place of hair, an antelope-skin in place of the skin.

Verse 144 (garuda.2.4.144)

कर्णयोस्तालपत्रञ्च स्तनयोश्चैव गुञ्जिकाः । नासायां शतपत्रञ्च कमलं नाभिमण्डले

karṇayostālapatrañca stanayoścaiva guñjikāḥ | nāsāyāṁ śatapatrañca kamalaṁ nābhimaṇḍale

Palm-leaves for the two ears, gunja seeds for the two breasts; a hundred-petaled flower for the nose, a lotus for the region of the navel.

Verse 145 (garuda.2.4.145)

वृन्ताकं वृषणद्वन्द्वे लिङ्गे स्याद्गृञ्जनं शुभम् । घृतं नाभ्यां प्रदेयं स्यात्कौ पीने च त्रपुस्मृतम्

vṛntākaṁ vṛṣaṇadvandve liṁge syādgṛñjanaṁ śubham | ghṛtaṁ nābhyāṁ pradeyaṁ syātkau pīne ca trapusmṛtam

Brinjal for the two testicles, a wholesome radish for the male organ. Ghee should be applied to the navel, and tin placed for the two rounded parts.

Verse 146 (garuda.2.4.146)

मौक्तिकं स्तनयोर्मूर्ध्नि कुङ्कुमेव विलेपनम् । कर्पूरागुरुधूपैश्च शुभैर्माल्यैः सुगन्धिभिः

mauktikaṁ stanayormūrdhni kuṁkumeva vilepanam | karpūrāgurudhūpaiśca śubhairmālyaiḥ sugandhibhiḥ

Pearls upon the two breasts, a smearing of saffron upon the head; camphor and agar incense, and fragrant auspicious garlands should be offered.

Verse 147 (garuda.2.4.147)

परिधानं पट्टसूत्रंहृदये चैव विन्यसेत् । ऋद्धिवृद्धी भुजौ द्वौ च चक्षुर्भ्याञ्च कपर्दकम्

paridhānaṁ paṭṭasūtraṁhṛdaye caiva vinyaset | ṛddhivṛddhī bhujau dvau ca cakṣurbhyāñca kapardakam

A garment and a silken thread should be placed at the heart; symbols of prosperity and increase on the two arms, and cowrie shells for the two eyes.

Verse 148 (garuda.2.4.148)

दन्तेषु दाडिमीबीजान्यङ्गुलीषु च चम्पकम् । सिन्दूरं नेत्रकोणे च ताम्बूलाद्युपहारकम्

danteṣu dāḍimībījānyaṁgulīṣu ca campakam | sindūraṁ netrakoṇe ca tāmbūlādyupahārakam

Pomegranate seeds for the teeth, champak flowers upon the fingers; vermilion at the corners of the eyes, and betel-leaf and the like as offering.

Verse 149 (garuda.2.4.149)

सर्वौषदियुतं प्रेतं कृत्वा पूजां यथोदिताम् । साग्निके चापि विधिना यज्ञपात्रं न्यस्येत्क्रमात्

sarvauṣadiyutaṁ pretaṁ kṛtvā pūjāṁ yathoditām | sāgnike cāpi vidhinā yajñapātraṁ nyasyetkramāt

Having thus made an effigy of the departed one, furnished with every herb, and worshipped it duly, the sacrificial vessels should be arranged in order, according to the procedure for one who kept the sacred fire.

Verse 150 (garuda.2.4.150)

स्त्रियः पुनन्तु म शिर इमं मे वरुणेन च । प्रेतस्य पावनं कृत्वा शालग्रामशिलोदकैः

striyaḥ punantu ma śira imaṁ me varuṇena ca | pretasya pāvanaṁ kṛtvā śālagrāmaśilodakaiḥ

'May the women purify this my head, and Varuna too' — thus, having purified the departed with the water in which a shalagrama stone has rested,

Verse 151 (garuda.2.4.151)

विष्णुमुद्दिश्य दातव्या सुशीला गौः पयस्विनी । तिला लौहं हिरण्यञ्च कर्पासं लवणं तथा

viṣṇumuddiśya dātavyā suśīlā gauḥ payasvinī | tilā lauhaṁ hiraṇyañca karpāsaṁ lavaṇaṁ tathā

a well-behaved, milk-giving cow should be given, dedicated to Vishnu. Sesame, iron, gold, cotton, salt,

Verse 152 (garuda.2.4.152)

सप्तधान्यं क्षितिर्गाव एकैकं पावनं स्मृतम् । तिलपात्रं ततो दद्यात्पददानं तथैव च

saptadhānyaṁ kṣitirgāva ekaikaṁ pāvanaṁ smṛtam | tilapātraṁ tato dadyātpadadānaṁ tathaiva ca

the seven grains, land, and a cow — each of these is declared purifying. Then a vessel of sesame should be given, and likewise the foot-gift as well.

Verse 153 (garuda.2.4.153)

कर्तव्यं वैष्णवं श्राद्धं प्रेतमुक्त्यर्थमात्मनः । प्रेतमोक्षं ततः कुर्याद्धृदि विष्णुं प्रकल्प्यच

kartavyaṁ vaiṣṇavaṁ śrāddhaṁ pretamuktyarthamātmanaḥ | pretamokṣaṁ tataḥ kuryāddhṛdi viṣṇuṁ prakalpyaca

For his own liberation, the Vaishnava shraddha should be performed. Then, establishing Vishnu within the heart, the rite for the release of the departed spirit should be carried out.

Verse 154 (garuda.2.4.154)

एवं पुत्तलकं कृत्वा दाहयेद्विधिपूर्वकम् । तच्छ्रुद्धये तु संस्कर्ता पुत्रादिर्निष्कृतिं चरेत्

evaṁ puttalakaṁ kṛtvā dāhayedvidhipūrvakam | tacchruddhaye tu saṁskartā putrādirniṣkṛtiṁ caret

Having thus made the effigy, it should be cremated according to due procedure. The son or other performer of this shraddha should then undertake atonement,

Verse 155 (garuda.2.4.155)

त्रीन्कृच्छ्रान्षड्द्वादश च तथा पञ्चदशापि च । प्रायश्चित्तनिमित्तानुसारेण विप्रवत्स्मृतः

trīnkṛcchrānṣaḍdvādaśa ca tathā pañcadaśāpi ca | prāyaścittanimittānusāreṇa vipravatsmṛtaḥ

the penances of three, six, twelve, or fifteen krichchhras — according to the cause requiring atonement; this procedure is declared for brahmins.

Verse 156 (garuda.2.4.156)

अशक्तौ गोहिरण्यादि प्रत्याम्नायं चरेदपि । आत्मनोऽनधिकारित्वे शुद्धिमेवं चरेद्वुन्धः

aśaktau gohiraṇyādi pratyāmnāyaṁ caredapi | ātmano'nadhikāritve śuddhimevaṁ caredvundhaḥ

If unable to perform it, one should follow the alternative of a cow, gold, and the like. When one is not entitled [to the full rite], the wise should undertake purification in this same manner.

Verse 157 (garuda.2.4.157)

अशुद्धेन तु यद्दत्तमुद्दिश्याशुद्धिमेव च । नोपतिष्ठति तत्सर्वमन्तरिक्षे विनश्यति

aśuddhena tu yaddattamuddiśyāśuddhimeva ca | nopatiṣṭhati tatsarvamantarikṣe vinaśyati

A gift given by an impure person, in a state of impurity, does not reach the deceased at all; it is entirely lost in mid-air.

Verse 158 (garuda.2.4.158)

शुद्धिं सम्पाद्य कर्तव्यं दहनाद्यौर्ध्वदेहिकम् । अकृत्वा निष्कृतिं यस्तु कुरुते दहनादिकम्

śuddhiṁ sampādya kartavyaṁ dahanādyaurdhvadehikam | akṛtvā niṣkṛtiṁ yastu kurute dahanādikam

Only after attaining purity should cremation and the other funerary rites be performed. He who, without performing atonement, undertakes cremation and the rest,

Verse 159 (garuda.2.4.159)

मतिपूर्वममत्या च क्रमात्तनिष्कृतिं शृणु । कृत्वाग्निमुदकं स्नानं स्पर्शनं वहनं कथाम्

matipūrvamamatyā ca kramāttaniṣkṛtiṁ śṛṇu | kṛtvāgnimudakaṁ snānaṁ sparśanaṁ vahanaṁ kathām

whether knowingly or unknowingly — now hear, in order, the atonement for that fault. Fire, water, bathing,

Verse 160 (garuda.2.4.160)

रज्जुच्छेदाश्रुपातञ्च तप्तकृच्छ्रेण शुध्यति । एषामन्यतमं प्रेतं यो वहेत्तु देहत वा

rajjucchedāśrupātañca taptakṛcchreṇa śudhyati | eṣāmanyatamaṁ pretaṁ yo vahettu dehata vā

touching, carrying, listening to the account, the cutting of the cord, and the shedding of tears — one who, through any of these, touches or carries the deceased, or has such contact,

Verse 161 (garuda.2.4.161)

कटोदकक्रियां कृत्वा कृच्छ्र सान्तपनं चरेत् । निमित्ते लघुनि स्वल्पं महन्महति कल्पयेत्

kaṭodakakriyāṁ kṛtvā kṛcchra sāntapanaṁ caret | nimitte laghuni svalpaṁ mahanmahati kalpayet

is purified by the taptakrichchhra penance. Having performed the water-rite with kusha mats, the santapana penance should be observed; for a lesser cause a lesser penance, for a greater cause a greater one should be prescribed.

Verse 162 (garuda.2.4.162)

गरुड उवाच । कृच्छ्रस्य तप्तकृच्छ्रस्य तथा सान्तपनस्य च । लक्षणं ब्रूहि मे स्वामिंस्त्रयाणामपि सुव्रत

garuḍa uvāca | kṛcchrasya taptakṛcchrasya tathā sāntapanasya ca | lakṣaṇaṁ brūhi me svāmiṁstrayāṇāmapi suvrata

Garuda said: O Lord, O keeper of good vows, tell me the definition of these three — the krichchhra, the taptakrichchhra, and the santapana.

Verse 163 (garuda.2.4.163)

श्रीकृष्ण उवाच । त्र्यहं प्रातस्त्र्यहं सायं त्र्यहमद्यादयाचितम् । उपवासस्त्र्यहञ्चैव एष कृच्छ्र उदाहृतः

śrīkṛṣṇa uvāca | tryahaṁ prātastryahaṁ sāyaṁ tryahamadyādayācitam | upavāsastryahañcaiva eṣa kṛcchra udāhṛtaḥ

Shri Krishna said: Three days eating only in the morning, three days only in the evening, three days eating only what comes unasked, and three days fasting — this is declared to be the krichchhra penance.

Verse 164 (garuda.2.4.164)

तप्तक्षीरघृताम्बूनामेकैकं प्रत्यहं पिबेत् । एकरात्रोपवासश्च तप्तकृच्छ्र उदाहृतः

taptakṣīraghṛtāmbūnāmekaikaṁ pratyahaṁ pibet | ekarātropavāsaśca taptakṛcchra udāhṛtaḥ

Heated milk, ghee, and water, one drunk each day in turn, together with a fast of one night — this is declared to be the taptakrichchhra.

Verse 165 (garuda.2.4.165)

गोमूत्रं गोमयं क्षीरं दधि सर्पिः कुशोदकम् । जग्ध्वा परेऽह्न्युपवसेत्कृच्छ्रं सान्तपनञ्चरन्

gomūtraṁ gomayaṁ kṣīraṁ dadhi sarpiḥ kuśodakam | jagdhvā pare'hnyupavasetkṛcchraṁ sāntapanañcaran

Cow's urine, cow-dung, milk, curd, ghee, and kusha-water — consuming these and then fasting the following day — this is the observance of the santapana penance.

Verse 166 (garuda.2.4.166)

मया तेऽयं समाख्यातो दुर्मृतस्य विधिः खग । तदा मृतं विजानीयाद्दीपनिर्वाणमागतः

mayā te'yaṁ samākhyāto durmṛtasya vidhiḥ khaga | tadā mṛtaṁ vijānīyāddīpanirvāṇamāgataḥ

O bird, I have thus told you this rite concerning an evil death. Now know also that only when the very lamp [of life] has gone out should one be reckoned as dead —

Verse 167 (garuda.2.4.167)

अग्निदाहं ततः कुर्यात्सूतकञ्च दिनत्रयम् । दशाहं गर्तपिणाडञ्च कर्तव्यं प्रेतपूर्वकम्

agnidāhaṁ tataḥ kuryātsūtakañca dinatrayam | daśāhaṁ gartapiṇāḍañca kartavyaṁ pretapūrvakam

then alone should the cremation-fire be given, and the period of impurity observed for three days. For ten days, the pit-offering and the pinda-offering should be made for the departed.

Verse 168 (garuda.2.4.168)

एवं विधिं ततः कुर्यात्ततः प्रेतश्च मुक्तिभाक् । मृतभ्रान्त्या प्रतिकृतेः कृते दाहे स वै यदि

evaṁ vidhiṁ tataḥ kuryāttataḥ pretaśca muktibhāk | mṛtabhrāntyā pratikṛteḥ kṛte dāhe sa vai yadi

Having then performed this rite, the departed attains liberation. If, through a mistaken belief in someone's death, an effigy was made and cremated [and he later returns alive],

Verse 169 (garuda.2.4.169)

आयाति तेन कर्तव्यं मज्जनं घृकुण्डके । जातकर्मादिसंस्काराः कर्तव्याः पुनरेव तु

āyāti tena kartavyaṁ majjanaṁ ghṛkuṇḍake | jātakarmādisaṁskārāḥ kartavyāḥ punareva tu

then that person should bathe in a vessel of ghee, and his birth-rite and other sacraments should be performed anew.

Verse 170 (garuda.2.4.170)

ऊढामेव स्वकां भार्यामुद्वहेद्विधिवत्पुमान् । वर्षे पञ्चदशे पक्षिन् द्वादशे वा गते सति

ūḍhāmeva svakāṁ bhāryāmudvahedvidhivatpumān | varṣe pañcadaśe pakṣin dvādaśe vā gate sati

O bird, such a man should duly re-marry his own former wife. When fifteen years, or twelve years, have passed [without news],

Verse 171 (garuda.2.4.171)

अज्ञातस्य प्रोषितस्य कृत्वा प्रतिकृतिं दहेत् । रजस्वलासूतिकयोर्विशेषं मरणे शृणु

ajñātasya proṣitasya kṛtvā pratikṛtiṁ dahet | rajasvalāsūtikayorviśeṣaṁ maraṇe śṛṇu

an effigy of one who died unknown or who remains missing abroad should be made and cremated. Now hear the special rule for the death of a menstruating or a newly delivered woman.

Verse 172 (garuda.2.4.172)

सूतिकायां मृतायान्तु एवं कुर्वन्ति याज्ञिकाः । कुम्भे सलिलमादाय पञ्चगव्यं तथैव च

sūtikāyāṁ mṛtāyāntu evaṁ kurvanti yājñikāḥ | kumbhe salilamādāya pañcagavyaṁ tathaiva ca

When a woman who has recently given birth dies, ritualists proceed as follows: taking water in a pot, and mixing into it the five products of the cow,

Verse 173 (garuda.2.4.173)

पुण्याभिरभिमन्त्र्यापो वाचा शुद्धिं लभेत्ततः । शतसूर्पोदकेनादौ स्नापयित्वा यथाविधि

puṇyābhirabhimantryāpo vācā śuddhiṁ labhettataḥ | śatasūrpodakenādau snāpayitvā yathāvidhi

and consecrating that water with sacred verses, purity is attained. First, having duly bathed her with the water of a hundred winnowing-baskets,

Verse 174 (garuda.2.4.174)

तेनैव स्नापयित्वा तु दाहं कुर्यात्स्वगेश्वर । पञ्चभिः स्नापयित्वा तु गव्यैः प्रेतां रजस्वलाम्

tenaiva snāpayitvā tu dāhaṁ kuryātsvageśvara | pañcabhiḥ snāpayitvā tu gavyaiḥ pretāṁ rajasvalām

and, having bathed her with that same water, O lord of birds, the cremation should be performed. The woman who died while menstruating should be bathed with the five products of the cow,

Verse 175 (garuda.2.4.175)

वस्त्रान्तराकृतिं कृत्वा दाहयेद्विधिपूर्वकम् । मृतस्य पञ्चके दाहविधिं वच्मि शृणुष्व मे

vastrāntarākṛtiṁ kṛtvā dāhayedvidhipūrvakam | mṛtasya pañcake dāhavidhiṁ vacmi śṛṇuṣva me

and, her form shaped and enclosed within a garment, cremated according to due rite. Now I shall tell you the rite of cremation for one who dies during the panchaka period; hear it.

Verse 176 (garuda.2.4.176)

आदौ कृत्वा धनिष्ठार्धमेतन्नक्षत्रपञ्चकम् । रेवत्यन्तं सदा दूष्यमशुभं सर्वदा भवेत्

ādau kṛtvā dhaniṣṭhārdhametannakṣatrapañcakam | revatyantaṁ sadā dūṣyamaśubhaṁ sarvadā bhavet

Beginning from the latter half of the Dhanishtha nakshatra, these five nakshatras, up to Revati — this is always declared an impure period; it is always inauspicious.

Verse 177 (garuda.2.4.177)

दाहस्तत्र न कर्तव्यो विषादः सर्वजन्तुषु । न जलं दीयते तेषु अशुभं सर्वदा भवेत्

dāhastatra na kartavyo viṣādaḥ sarvajantuṣu | na jalaṁ dīyate teṣu aśubhaṁ sarvadā bhavet

During that period cremation should not be performed; it brings distress to every living creature. At that time water should not be offered; it is always inauspicious.

Verse 178 (garuda.2.4.178)

पञ्चकानन्तरं सर्वं कार्यं कर्तव्यमन्यथा । पुत्त्राणां गोत्रिणां तस्य सन्तापोऽप्युपजायते

pañcakānantaraṁ sarvaṁ kāryaṁ kartavyamanyathā | puttrāṇāṁ gotriṇāṁ tasya santāpo'pyupajāyate

Everything should be done only after the panchaka has passed; otherwise, anguish arises even for his sons and kinsmen,

Verse 179 (garuda.2.4.179)

गृहे हानिर्भवत्येव ऋक्षेष्वेषु मृतस्य च । अथ वा ऋक्षमद्ये च दाहस्तु विधिपूर्वकः

gṛhe hānirbhavatyeva ṛkṣeṣveṣu mṛtasya ca | atha vā ṛkṣamadye ca dāhastu vidhipūrvakaḥ

and loss surely befalls the household, if death occurred under these nakshatras. Or, if the cremation is performed during those very nakshatras themselves, though duly,

Verse 180 (garuda.2.4.180)

क्रियते मानुषाणान्तु स वा आहुतिपूर्वकः । विप्रैर्विधिरतः कार्यो मन्त्रैस्तु विधिपूर्वकम्

kriyate mānuṣāṇāntu sa vā āhutipūrvakaḥ | viprairvidhirataḥ kāryo mantraistu vidhipūrvakam

as it is done for ordinary men, then it must be accompanied by a special oblation. Therefore this rite should be performed by brahmins, with mantras, according to due procedure.

Verse 181 (garuda.2.4.181)

शवस्थानसमीपे तु क्षेप्तव्याः पुत्तलास्ततः । दर्भकॢप्तास्तु चत्वार ऋक्षमन्त्राभिमन्त्रिताः

śavasthānasamīpe tu kṣeptavyāḥ puttalāstataḥ | darbhakḷptāstu catvāra ṛkṣamantrābhimantritāḥ

Near the place of the corpse, effigies should be placed — four effigies made of kusha grass, consecrated with the mantras of the nakshatras.

Verse 182 (garuda.2.4.182)

ततो दाहः प्रकर्तव्यस्तैश्च पुत्तलकैः सह । सूतकान्ते तदा पुत्त्रैः कार्यं शान्तिकपौष्टिकम्

tato dāhaḥ prakartavyastaiśca puttalakaiḥ saha | sūtakānte tadā puttraiḥ kāryaṁ śāntikapauṣṭikam

Then the cremation should be performed together with those effigies. At the end of the period of impurity, the sons should perform the shantika and paushtika rites.

Verse 183 (garuda.2.4.183)

पञ्चकेषु मृतो योऽसौ न सतिं लभते नरः । तिलान् गाञ्च सुवर्णञ्च तमुद्दिश्य घृतं ददेत्

pañcakeṣu mṛto yo'sau na satiṁ labhate naraḥ | tilān gāñca suvarṇañca tamuddiśya ghṛtaṁ dadet

One who dies during the panchaka period does not attain a good state; on his behalf, sesame, a cow, and gold, together with ghee, should be given.

Verse 184 (garuda.2.4.184)

विप्राणां दापयेद्दानं सर्वविघ्नविनाशनम् । भोजनोपानहौच्छत्त्रं हेममुद्रा च वाससी

viprāṇāṁ dāpayeddānaṁ sarvavighnavināśanam | bhojanopānahaucchattraṁ hemamudrā ca vāsasī

Brahmins should be made to receive such a gift, one that destroys every obstacle — food, sandals, an umbrella, a gold coin, and two garments as well.

Verse 185 (garuda.2.4.185)

दक्षिणा दीयते विप्रे पातकस्य प्रमोचनः । मयातेऽयं समाख्यातो विधिः पञ्चहरः स्थितः । संयमिन्यां यथायानं यथावर्षं मृतक्रिया

dakṣiṇā dīyate vipre pātakasya pramocanaḥ | mayāte'yaṁ samākhyāto vidhiḥ pañcaharaḥ sthitaḥ | saṁyaminyāṁ yathāyānaṁ yathāvarṣaṁ mṛtakriyā

A fee is given to the brahmin, which brings release from sin. Thus have I told you this procedure for the panchaka period, which stands as part of the year-long death-rites according to the soul's journey toward Samyamani, the city of Yama.