The Manifestation of Merit

Verse 1 (padma.1.76.1)

संजय उवाच । येऽसुराश्च मृता युद्धे संमुखे विमुखेऽपि वा । गतिं तेषामहं ब्रह्मन्श्रोतुमिच्छामि तत्त्वतः

saṁjaya uvāca | ye'surāśca mṛtā yuddhe saṁmukhe vimukhe'pi vā | gatiṁ teṣāmahaṁ brahmanśrotumicchāmi tattvataḥ

Sanjaya said: O Brahmin, I wish to hear in truth of the destiny of those demons who died in battle, whether facing the foe or turning away.

Verse 2 (padma.1.76.2)

असंख्याता इमे दैत्यास्त्रैलोक्ये सचराचरे । अद्याप्यासन्गताः कुत्र एतन्मे शंस भो गुरो

asaṁkhyātā ime daityāstrailokye sacarācare | adyāpyāsangatāḥ kutra etanme śaṁsa bho guro

These countless demons throughout the three worlds, with all that moves and does not move — where have they gone, even now? Tell me this, O teacher.

Verse 3 (padma.1.76.3)

व्यास उवाच । ये मृतास्संमुखे शूरा दैत्यानां प्रवरा रणे । स्वयं प्राप्य च देवत्वं भोग्यमश्नंति शाश्वतम्

vyāsa uvāca | ye mṛtāssaṁmukhe śūrā daityānāṁ pravarā raṇe | svayaṁ prāpya ca devatvaṁ bhogyamaśnaṁti śāśvatam

Vyasa said: Those heroic and foremost demons who died facing the foe in battle themselves attain godhood and enjoy eternal pleasures.

Verse 4 (padma.1.76.4)

प्रासादा यत्र सौवर्णा नानारत्नाविभूषिताः । सर्वकामप्रदा वृक्षाः स्वर्णदीतोय संयुताः

prāsādā yatra sauvarṇā nānāratnāvibhūṣitāḥ | sarvakāmapradā vṛkṣāḥ svarṇadītoya saṁyutāḥ

There are golden palaces adorned with many jewels, wish-fulfilling trees, and waters bright as gold.

Verse 5 (padma.1.76.5)

पद्मोत्पलसुकल्हारैर्गंधाढ्यैरन्यपुष्पकैः । दधिदुग्धाज्यखंडैश्च युता पुष्करिणी शुभा

padmotpalasukalhārairgaṁdhāḍhyairanyapuṣpakaiḥ | dadhidugdhājyakhaṁḍaiśca yutā puṣkariṇī śubhā

There are lovely lotus-ponds full of lotuses, blue lilies, and fine white lilies, fragrant with other flowers too, and flowing with curds, milk, ghee, and sugar.

Verse 6 (padma.1.76.6)

अतीवरूपसंपन्नाः सदैव नवयौवनाः । तत्र राज्यं प्रकुर्वंति तथैव वसुधातले

atīvarūpasaṁpannāḥ sadaiva navayauvanāḥ | tatra rājyaṁ prakurvaṁti tathaiva vasudhātale

There, endowed with surpassing beauty and ever in the freshness of youth, they hold sovereignty — just as they once did upon the earth.

Verse 7 (padma.1.76.7)

एवं जन्माष्टकं प्राप्य धनिनोऽध्यक्षमंत्रिणः । अर्धसंमुखगात्रेण दिवमश्नंति शाश्वतम्

evaṁ janmāṣṭakaṁ prāpya dhanino'dhyakṣamaṁtriṇaḥ | ardhasaṁmukhagātreṇa divamaśnaṁti śāśvatam

Thus, having attained eight such births, the wealthy, the leaders, and the counselors, even wounded facing the enemy, enjoy eternal heaven.

Verse 8 (padma.1.76.8)

विमुखाः कातरा भीता ये च मायाविनो रणे । ते यांति निरयं घोरं ये च देवद्विजद्विषः

vimukhāḥ kātarā bhītā ye ca māyāvino raṇe | te yāṁti nirayaṁ ghoraṁ ye ca devadvijadviṣaḥ

But those who turned their backs, the cowardly, the fearful, and those who used deceit in battle, go to terrible hell — as do those who hate gods and Brahmins.

Verse 9 (padma.1.76.9)

पतितं मूर्च्छितं भग्नमन्ययोद्धारमाहवे । हंतारो निरयं यांति ते च म्लेच्छाः कुवाचकाः

patitaṁ mūrcchitaṁ bhagnamanyayoddhāramāhave | haṁtāro nirayaṁ yāṁti te ca mlecchāḥ kuvācakāḥ

Those who kill a fallen, fainted, or broken warrior — one under another's charge — in battle go to hell, as do the mlecchas of foul speech.

Verse 10 (padma.1.76.10)

परन्यासापहर्तारो विमुखास्संति तत्त्वतः । रात्रौ वा विपिने नष्टे चोरास्साहसकारिणः

paranyāsāpahartāro vimukhāssaṁti tattvataḥ | rātrau vā vipine naṣṭe corāssāhasakāriṇaḥ

Those who steal another's deposited property are in truth cowards; likewise thieves who plunder by night or in the lost depths of the forest.

Verse 11 (padma.1.76.11)

सर्वभक्षरता मूढा म्लेच्छा गोब्रह्मघातकाः । कुवाचकाः परे म्लेच्छा एते ये कूटयोनयः

sarvabhakṣaratā mūḍhā mlecchā gobrahmaghātakāḥ | kuvācakāḥ pare mlecchā ete ye kūṭayonayaḥ

The deluded mlecchas devoted to eating anything at all, the killers of cows and Brahmins, the foul-spoken — these are outcastes of deceitful origin.

Verse 12 (padma.1.76.12)

तेषां पैशाचिकी भाषा लोकाचारो न विद्यते । नास्ति शौचं तपो ज्ञानं न देवपितृतर्पणम्

teṣāṁ paiśācikī bhāṣā lokācāro na vidyate | nāsti śaucaṁ tapo jñānaṁ na devapitṛtarpaṇam

Their speech is that of ghouls; they know nothing of proper worldly conduct. They have no purity, no austerity, no knowledge, and no offerings to gods or ancestors.

Verse 13 (padma.1.76.13)

दानश्राद्धादिकं यज्ञे सुराणां च प्रपूजनम् । पितॄणां च न शुश्रूषा द्विजदेवतपस्विनाम्

dānaśrāddhādikaṁ yajñe surāṇāṁ ca prapūjanam | pitṝṇāṁ ca na śuśrūṣā dvijadevatapasvinām

Giving, funeral rites, sacrifice, and worship of the gods are unknown to them; nor do they serve the ancestors, the twice-born, the gods, or ascetics.

Verse 14 (padma.1.76.14)

ज्ञानलोपादतस्तेषां मलशौचं न विद्यते । मातरं भगिनीं चान्यां गृहिणीं कामयंति च

jñānalopādatasteṣāṁ malaśaucaṁ na vidyate | mātaraṁ bhaginīṁ cānyāṁ gṛhiṇīṁ kāmayaṁti ca

Through the loss of understanding, they know nothing of cleanliness from filth; they lust even after their own mother, sister, or another man's wife.

Verse 15 (padma.1.76.15)

सर्वो विपर्ययो लोकात्सदाचारो मलीमसः । तार्क्ष्यस्योद्ववनानां च अन्येषां गोत्रवासिनाम्

sarvo viparyayo lokātsadācāro malīmasaḥ | tārkṣyasyodvavanānāṁ ca anyeṣāṁ gotravāsinām

Everything about them is the reverse of the world's proper order; their conduct is defiled — this applies to certain forest-dwelling and tribal peoples.

Verse 16 (padma.1.76.16)

कुलजातास्सदा दैत्या येषां पुण्यमकारणम् । दुर्गतिं च मृता यांति द्विजस्त्रीशिशुघातिनः

kulajātāssadā daityā yeṣāṁ puṇyamakāraṇam | durgatiṁ ca mṛtā yāṁti dvijastrīśiśughātinaḥ

Those born as demons even in high families, for whom merit has no basis — killers of Brahmins, women, and children — go, when they die, to a wretched state.

Verse 17 (padma.1.76.17)

गवाशिनो दुरात्मानो ह्यभक्ष्यभक्षणे रताः । कीटयोनिं व्रजंत्येते तरवश्च पिपीलिकाः

gavāśino durātmāno hyabhakṣyabhakṣaṇe ratāḥ | kīṭayoniṁ vrajaṁtyete taravaśca pipīlikāḥ

The evil-souled eaters of cattle, devoted to eating the forbidden, go to the wombs of insects, or become trees and ants.

Verse 18 (padma.1.76.18)

न मंत्रेषु न देवेषु कल्पंते ते सुरद्विषः । अग्रजः सहजस्तेषां सदृङ्नो ग्राम्यवृत्तयः

na maṁtreṣu na deveṣu kalpaṁte te suradviṣaḥ | agrajaḥ sahajasteṣāṁ sadṛṅno grāmyavṛttayaḥ

Those who hate the gods have no part in sacred mantras or in the gods; their elder and younger kin resemble them, living by base ways.

Verse 19 (padma.1.76.19)

लोमकेशप्रणेतारः क्रव्यभक्षरता भुवि । साहसं च व्रतं दानं स्नानं यज्ञादिकं च यत्

lomakeśapraṇetāraḥ kravyabhakṣaratā bhuvi | sāhasaṁ ca vrataṁ dānaṁ snānaṁ yajñādikaṁ ca yat

Those who deal in hair and wool, delighting in raw flesh — have no regard for rightful boldness, vows, gifts, bathing, sacrifice, and the like.

Verse 20 (padma.1.76.20)

मत्स्यमांसादिषु प्रीता मृषावचनभाषिणः । सदाकामास्सदा लोभास्सदा क्रोधमदान्विताः

matsyamāṁsādiṣu prītā mṛṣāvacanabhāṣiṇaḥ | sadākāmāssadā lobhāssadā krodhamadānvitāḥ

They delight in fish and meat, and speak falsehood; ever full of desire, ever full of greed, ever possessed by anger and pride.

Verse 21 (padma.1.76.21)

वधबंधरतोद्वेगा द्यूतसंगीतसंप्रियाः । कुभृत्याः कुजनप्रीताः पूतिगंधरता नराः

vadhabaṁdharatodvegā dyūtasaṁgītasaṁpriyāḥ | kubhṛtyāḥ kujanaprītāḥ pūtigaṁdharatā narāḥ

Given to violence and imprisoning others, restless, fond of gambling and revelry, bad servants who delight in the wicked, men who delight in foul odors.

Verse 22 (padma.1.76.22)

न देवेषु न विज्ञेषु न धर्मश्रवणेषु च । स्तोत्रमंत्रादिके पुण्ये यथाकार्येष्वनिश्चयाः

na deveṣu na vijñeṣu na dharmaśravaṇeṣu ca | stotramaṁtrādike puṇye yathākāryeṣvaniścayāḥ

They have no settled faith in the gods, in the wise, in the hearing of dharma, or in sacred hymns and meritorious duties.

Verse 23 (padma.1.76.23)

बहुरोगाधिरोषाश्च बहुरूपपरिच्छदाः । नरजातिषु दैत्यानां चिह्नान्येतानि भूतले

bahurogādhiroṣāśca bahurūpaparicchadāḥ | narajātiṣu daityānāṁ cihnānyetāni bhūtale

Prone to many diseases and to violent anger, given to many disguises — these are the marks of demonic natures among the races of men upon this earth.

Verse 24 (padma.1.76.24)

न जानंति परं लोकं न गुरुं स्वं न चापरं । गर्भपूरणमिच्छंति नातिथिं न गुरून्द्विजान्

na jānaṁti paraṁ lokaṁ na guruṁ svaṁ na cāparaṁ | garbhapūraṇamicchaṁti nātithiṁ na gurūndvijān

They know nothing of the world beyond, neither their own teacher nor any other; they desire only to fill their bellies, caring nothing for guests, teachers, or Brahmins.

Verse 25 (padma.1.76.25)

न देवं न सुतं गोत्रं न मित्रं न च बान्धवं । स्वप्ने दानं न जानंति भक्षणान्न परिच्छदं

na devaṁ na sutaṁ gotraṁ na mitraṁ na ca bāndhavaṁ | svapne dānaṁ na jānaṁti bhakṣaṇānna paricchadaṁ

They know neither god, nor son, nor lineage, nor friend, nor kinsman; even in dream they know nothing of giving — only of eating and hoarding.

Verse 26 (padma.1.76.26)

गोपायंति धनं यस्मात्ते यक्षा नररूपिणः । प्राणांतेपि धनं किचिन्न दिशंति च राजनि

gopāyaṁti dhanaṁ yasmātte yakṣā nararūpiṇaḥ | prāṇāṁtepi dhanaṁ kicinna diśaṁti ca rājani

Since they only hoard their wealth, they are Yakshas in human form; even at death's door they will give not the least of their wealth, even to a king.

Verse 27 (padma.1.76.27)

ते यक्षा दुर्गतिस्थाश्च परार्थे भारवाहकाः । प्रेतानां लक्षणं यद्वा सर्वलोकविगर्हितं

te yakṣā durgatisthāśca parārthe bhāravāhakāḥ | pretānāṁ lakṣaṇaṁ yadvā sarvalokavigarhitaṁ

These Yakshas dwell in a wretched state, mere burden-bearers for others' sake; such is the mark of ghosts, condemned by all the world.

Verse 28 (padma.1.76.28)

स्त्रीणां च पुरुषाणां च शृणुष्वैकमना मम । मलपंकधरा नित्यं सत्यशौचविवर्जिताः

strīṇāṁ ca puruṣāṇāṁ ca śṛṇuṣvaikamanā mama | malapaṁkadharā nityaṁ satyaśaucavivarjitāḥ

Hear from me, with focused mind, the marks of such women and men: ever caked in filth, devoid of truth and purity.

Verse 29 (padma.1.76.29)

दंतकुंतलवस्त्राणां वपुषो मलसंचयाः । गृहपीठादिपात्राणां सकृच्छौचं न रोचते

daṁtakuṁtalavastrāṇāṁ vapuṣo malasaṁcayāḥ | gṛhapīṭhādipātrāṇāṁ sakṛcchaucaṁ na rocate

Filth accumulates on their teeth, hair, clothes, and bodies; they have no liking even for a single cleaning of their house, seat, or vessels.

Verse 30 (padma.1.76.30)

न पश्यंति सुखं स्त्रीणां विशंति कानने द्रुतं । विघसोच्छिष्टपूतीनां भक्षणेभिरता भुवि

na paśyaṁti sukhaṁ strīṇāṁ viśaṁti kānane drutaṁ | vighasocchiṣṭapūtīnāṁ bhakṣaṇebhiratā bhuvi

They find no joy in proper relations with women, but rush swiftly into the forest for illicit unions; they delight in eating foul, leftover food.

Verse 31 (padma.1.76.31)

अन्नपानं च शयनमन्धकारेषु रोचते । कदाचित्स्वस्थता नास्ति क्वचिद्वा शुचितातनौ

annapānaṁ ca śayanamandhakāreṣu rocate | kadācitsvasthatā nāsti kvacidvā śucitātanau

Food, drink, and sleep please them best in darkness; they are never at ease, nor is there ever purity in their bodies.

Verse 32 (padma.1.76.32)

लक्षणं नरलोकेषु प्रेतानामीदृशं किल । हिताहितं न जानंति मित्रामित्रं गुणागुणम्

lakṣaṇaṁ naralokeṣu pretānāmīdṛśaṁ kila | hitāhitaṁ na jānaṁti mitrāmitraṁ guṇāguṇam

Such is the mark of ghost-natured beings among men; they know neither benefit nor harm, neither friend nor foe, neither virtue nor vice.

Verse 33 (padma.1.76.33)

पापपुण्यादिकं स्थानं स्नानं देवद्विजार्चनं । अरिमित्रमुदासीनं न विंदंति स्वभावतः

pāpapuṇyādikaṁ sthānaṁ snānaṁ devadvijārcanaṁ | arimitramudāsīnaṁ na viṁdaṁti svabhāvataḥ

By their very nature they perceive nothing of sin and merit, sacred places, or worship of gods and Brahmins; nor do they know enemy from friend.

Verse 34 (padma.1.76.34)

मर्त्यस्थाः पशवस्ते च ज्ञायंते बुद्धिसंमतैः । बुद्ध्या नानात्वभावाश्च भ्रमंति च मृषा भुवि

martyasthāḥ paśavaste ca jñāyaṁte buddhisaṁmataiḥ | buddhyā nānātvabhāvāśca bhramaṁti ca mṛṣā bhuvi

Such beings, though dwelling among mortals, are known by the wise to be beasts; through their varied natures of mind they wander this earth in vain delusion.

Verse 35 (padma.1.76.35)

यक्षरूपा नरास्ते च सर्वकर्मबहिष्कृताः । एषां भेदं प्रवक्ष्यामि लक्षणं धरणीतले

yakṣarūpā narāste ca sarvakarmabahiṣkṛtāḥ | eṣāṁ bhedaṁ pravakṣyāmi lakṣaṇaṁ dharaṇītale

These men, Yaksha-natured, are excluded from all proper rites. I shall now describe their distinctions and their marks upon this earth.

Verse 36 (padma.1.76.36)

विजाता मर्त्यलोकेषु पापस्यैवानुरूपतः । मलीमस भुविप्रस्थं नागरं छद्मरूपिणं

vijātā martyalokeṣu pāpasyaivānurūpataḥ | malīmasa bhuviprasthaṁ nāgaraṁ chadmarūpiṇaṁ

Born degenerate among mortals, in accordance with their sin — one who is filthy, of low position, deceitful in the guise of a townsman—

Verse 37 (padma.1.76.37)

विघसादिप्रभोक्तारं काकमाहुर्मनीषिणः । अभक्ष्ये निरतः पापः कुकुरः पूतिसंप्रियः

vighasādiprabhoktāraṁ kākamāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ | abhakṣye nirataḥ pāpaḥ kukuraḥ pūtisaṁpriyaḥ

—the wise call such a one, who feeds on leftover scraps, a crow; and the sinner devoted to forbidden food, delighting in foulness, a dog.

Verse 38 (padma.1.76.38)

प्रवृत्तस्सर्वगृह्येषु भक्ष्याभक्ष्यसजीवनः । भूम्यां पश्वादियोनीनां कुलेषु प्राप्तसंभवाः

pravṛttassarvagṛhyeṣu bhakṣyābhakṣyasajīvanaḥ | bhūmyāṁ paśvādiyonīnāṁ kuleṣu prāptasaṁbhavāḥ

One given over to all secret vices, living on food fit and unfit alike — such a one has in truth been born among the lineages of beasts.

Verse 39 (padma.1.76.39)

शुनो विगृह्य हस्तेन म्लेच्छानां भक्षणप्रियाः । विशेषात्सूकराणां च तथा च रणयोधिनां

śuno vigṛhya hastena mlecchānāṁ bhakṣaṇapriyāḥ | viśeṣātsūkarāṇāṁ ca tathā ca raṇayodhināṁ

Grasping food like a dog, fond of the mlecchas' fare — such especially resembles swine, and likewise those who fight only for battle's sake.

Verse 40 (padma.1.76.40)

पोषणे भक्षणे प्रीताः पूतिगर्ह्येष्वसाधुषु । पर्वतेकरणाद्वह्नेः काष्ठसंचयसंग्रहे

poṣaṇe bhakṣaṇe prītāḥ pūtigarhyeṣvasādhuṣu | parvatekaraṇādvahneḥ kāṣṭhasaṁcayasaṁgrahe

Delighting in feeding on what is foul and reprehensible — busy only making mountains of firewood and hoarding fuel.

Verse 41 (padma.1.76.41)

विज्ञेयास्ते सदा म्लेच्छाः क्षत्रियाणां भयाकुलाः । लोकानां नष्टधर्मे च सदा शौचविवर्जिते

vijñeyāste sadā mlecchāḥ kṣatriyāṇāṁ bhayākulāḥ | lokānāṁ naṣṭadharme ca sadā śaucavivarjite

Such are ever to be known as mlecchas, a source of fear to the Kshatriyas, when the dharma of the world has been destroyed and purity abandoned.

Verse 42 (padma.1.76.42)

कुलीनानां तदा म्लेच्छा भविष्यंति च दस्यवः । तेषां संसर्गतोन्ये च संबंधादन्नभोजनात्

kulīnānāṁ tadā mlecchā bhaviṣyaṁti ca dasyavaḥ | teṣāṁ saṁsargatonye ca saṁbaṁdhādannabhojanāt

At such a time, even the well-born will become mlecchas and robbers, through association with them, through kinship, and through sharing their food—

Verse 43 (padma.1.76.43)

मैथुनात्तस्य योषासु तद्भावं तु व्रजंति ते । तस्मिन्काले जनास्सर्वे दुःखरोगप्रतापिताः

maithunāttasya yoṣāsu tadbhāvaṁ tu vrajaṁti te | tasminkāle janāssarve duḥkharogapratāpitāḥ

—and through union with their women, the well-born fall into that same degenerate state. At that time, all people are afflicted with suffering and disease—

Verse 44 (padma.1.76.44)

दुर्भिक्षान्न परामूढाः सदा राजप्रपीडिताः । तत्रासत्येरता मर्त्याः सर्वशौचविवर्जिताः

durbhikṣānna parāmūḍhāḥ sadā rājaprapīḍitāḥ | tatrāsatyeratā martyāḥ sarvaśaucavivarjitāḥ

—deluded by famine and want, ever oppressed by their kings; mortals then are devoted to falsehood, utterly devoid of purity.

Verse 45 (padma.1.76.45)

न श्रूयंते जनैरेव पुराणागमसंहिताः । मद्यमांसप्रियाः पापास्सर्वभक्षास्सुदारुणाः

na śrūyaṁte janaireva purāṇāgamasaṁhitāḥ | madyamāṁsapriyāḥ pāpāssarvabhakṣāssudāruṇāḥ

People no longer listen to the Puranas, the scriptures, or the sacred texts; sinners fond of liquor and meat eat anything at all, and are exceedingly cruel.

Verse 46 (padma.1.76.46)

दारुणाचारनिरता नित्यं छलपरायणाः । न पुष्णंति सुतास्तातं प्रसुवं च गुरूनपि

dāruṇācāraniratā nityaṁ chalaparāyaṇāḥ | na puṣṇaṁti sutāstātaṁ prasuvaṁ ca gurūnapi

Devoted always to savage conduct, given wholly to deceit; sons do not support their father, their mother, or even their teachers.

Verse 47 (padma.1.76.47)

न शुश्रूषंति वै भृत्याः स्वामिनं गुणशालिनम् । भर्तारं न स्त्रियः काश्चिच्छ्वशुरौ च स्वमातरः

na śuśrūṣaṁti vai bhṛtyāḥ svāminaṁ guṇaśālinam | bhartāraṁ na striyaḥ kāścicchvaśurau ca svamātaraḥ

Servants do not serve a virtuous master; no wife serves her husband, nor do daughters serve their husband's parents or their own mothers.

Verse 48 (padma.1.76.48)

नित्यकष्टा नरास्तत्र कलहश्च गृहे गृहे । नृपा म्लेच्छाः सुरापाश्च तथा मंत्रिपुरोहिताः

nityakaṣṭā narāstatra kalahaśca gṛhe gṛhe | nṛpā mlecchāḥ surāpāśca tathā maṁtripurohitāḥ

People are then in constant distress, and there is strife in every household; kings become mlecchas and drunkards, and so too their ministers and priests.

Verse 49 (padma.1.76.49)

मनुष्यैश्च बलिस्तेषां मत्स्यैर्मांसैर्निरामिषः । पाषंडायासयोगेभ्यः प्रधाना गुणवार्तयोः

manuṣyaiśca balisteṣāṁ matsyairmāṁsairnirāmiṣaḥ | pāṣaṁḍāyāsayogebhyaḥ pradhānā guṇavārtayoḥ

Their sacrificial offerings are of men, fish, and flesh — never of what is pure; they excel above all in heretical and self-serving practices, in matters of virtue and of gain alike.

Verse 50 (padma.1.76.50)

धनिकैः कोकिलैर्मंदैर्व्याप्तं तैस्तु महीतलम् । ततोन्योन्यं प्रिया मूढा वने वा नगरेषु च

dhanikaiḥ kokilairmaṁdairvyāptaṁ taistu mahītalam | tatonyonyaṁ priyā mūḍhā vane vā nagareṣu ca

The earth is overrun with such wealthy men, sweet-tongued yet deceitful, and slothful; deluded, they take pleasure in each other, in forest or city alike.

Verse 51 (padma.1.76.51)

भक्ष्याभक्ष्यं समश्नंति मत्स्यमांसादिकं नराः । वने द्विजातयश्चान्ये भुंजते चानुपापकम्

bhakṣyābhakṣyaṁ samaśnaṁti matsyamāṁsādikaṁ narāḥ | vane dvijātayaścānye bhuṁjate cānupāpakam

Men eat food fit and unfit alike, fish, flesh, and the rest; even the twice-born in the forest, and others, partake of such food, following after sin.

Verse 52 (padma.1.76.52)

भक्तिमंतं पशुं चान्यत्सर्वे यांत्यपुनर्भवम् । पातयंति पितॄन्पापाः सर्वे ते पूर्वदेवकाः

bhaktimaṁtaṁ paśuṁ cānyatsarve yāṁtyapunarbhavam | pātayaṁti pitṝnpāpāḥ sarve te pūrvadevakāḥ

Even a devoted animal attains liberation from rebirth; but those sinners cast down their own ancestors, for all of them once held the standing of gods.

Verse 53 (padma.1.76.53)

पिशाचा राक्षसा ये च मुर्त्यका गुह्यका ध्रुवम् । एते चाविनयप्रीता न देवा न च मानुषाः

piśācā rākṣasā ye ca murtyakā guhyakā dhruvam | ete cāvinayaprītā na devā na ca mānuṣāḥ

Pishachas, Rakshasas, the Murtyakas, and the Guhyakas, all these delight surely in indiscipline; they are neither gods nor men.

Verse 54 (padma.1.76.54)

संजय उवाच । कथं च मर्त्यभावेषु लक्षंजानंतितात्त्विकाः । एतं मे संशयं नाथ दूरीकुरु ततस्ततः

saṁjaya uvāca | kathaṁ ca martyabhāveṣu lakṣaṁjānaṁtitāttvikāḥ | etaṁ me saṁśayaṁ nātha dūrīkuru tatastataḥ

Sanjaya said: How, then, do the truly wise recognize these signs among mortal beings? O Lord, resolve this doubt of mine.

Verse 55 (padma.1.76.55)

व्यास उवाच । कृतपापानुरूपास्तु द्विजातिष्वन्यजातिषु । असुरा राक्षसाः प्रेताः स्वभावं न त्यजंति ते

vyāsa uvāca | kṛtapāpānurūpāstu dvijātiṣvanyajātiṣu | asurā rākṣasāḥ pretāḥ svabhāvaṁ na tyajaṁti te

Vyasa said: In accordance with the sins they have committed, such natures appear among the twice-born and among other castes alike; asuras, rakshasas, and pretas never abandon their former nature.

Verse 56 (padma.1.76.56)

जाता ये चासुरा मर्त्ये सदाते कलहोत्सुकाः । कुहकाः कच्चराः क्रूराः विज्ञेया राक्षसाभुवि

jātā ye cāsurā martye sadāte kalahotsukāḥ | kuhakāḥ kaccarāḥ krūrāḥ vijñeyā rākṣasābhuvi

Those born as asuras among mortals are ever eager for strife, deceitful; the treacherous and cruel are to be recognized as rakshasa-natured.

Verse 57 (padma.1.76.57)

जनोद्विग्नादिकं दानं तथा देवार्चनं भुवि । उग्रभावाद्धनं लब्ध्वा राज्यं भुञ्जंति शाश्वतम्

janodvignādikaṁ dānaṁ tathā devārcanaṁ bhuvi | ugrabhāvāddhanaṁ labdhvā rājyaṁ bhuñjaṁti śāśvatam

Yet they give gifts that trouble people, and worship the gods on earth for show; having gained wealth through their fierce nature, they enjoy sovereignty for a long while.

Verse 58 (padma.1.76.58)

जयं शौर्यादिकं पुण्यं पुनःपापक्षयं व्रजेत् । एवमुर्व्यां तथा नाके नागलोके यमालये

jayaṁ śauryādikaṁ puṇyaṁ punaḥpāpakṣayaṁ vrajet | evamurvyāṁ tathā nāke nāgaloke yamālaye

But whatever merit came from valor and victory passes away again into the destruction wrought by their sin — so it is on earth, in heaven, in the serpent-world, and in Yama's abode.

Verse 59 (padma.1.76.59)

उग्रेण तपसा कश्चित्सुरत्वं लभते दिवि । वासुदेवं समाराध्य प्रह्लादः सुरपूजितः

ugreṇa tapasā kaścitsuratvaṁ labhate divi | vāsudevaṁ samārādhya prahlādaḥ surapūjitaḥ

Some, by fierce austerity, attain godhood in heaven; Prahlada, by worshipping Vasudeva, became one honored by the gods themselves.

Verse 60 (padma.1.76.60)

हरं तथान्धको दैत्यः स्तुत्वा तत्सभ्यकोऽभवत् । तस्यैव गणमुख्यत्वं लेभे भृंगी महाबलः

haraṁ tathāndhako daityaḥ stutvā tatsabhyako'bhavat | tasyaiva gaṇamukhyatvaṁ lebhe bhṛṁgī mahābalaḥ

Likewise the demon Andhaka, by praising Hara, became a member of his own assembly; and mighty Bhringi obtained the chieftainship of his ganas.

Verse 61 (padma.1.76.61)

एते चान्ये च बहवो बलिरिंद्रो भविष्यति । गच्छंति सद्गतिं तात इहामुत्र च सर्वदा

ete cānye ca bahavo baliriṁdro bhaviṣyati | gacchaṁti sadgatiṁ tāta ihāmutra ca sarvadā

These and many others attained such states — Bali himself shall become a future Indra. O son, they attain a good destiny, both here and beyond, forever.

Verse 62 (padma.1.76.62)

केचिद्दैत्यकुले जाताः पृथिव्यां सुरसत्तमाः । भावयंति पितॄन्सर्वान्शतशोथ सहस्रशः

keciddaityakule jātāḥ pṛthivyāṁ surasattamāḥ | bhāvayaṁti pitṝnsarvānśataśotha sahasraśaḥ

Some, though born in demon families, become the very best of gods upon this earth, and redeem hundreds and thousands of their ancestors.

Verse 63 (padma.1.76.63)

एकेनापि सुपुत्रेण कुलत्राणं च धीमता । एकोपि वैष्णवः पुत्रः कुलकोटिं समुद्धरेत्

ekenāpi suputreṇa kulatrāṇaṁ ca dhīmatā | ekopi vaiṣṇavaḥ putraḥ kulakoṭiṁ samuddharet

By even a single wise and virtuous son the whole family is saved; even a single son devoted to Vishnu can redeem tens of millions of his lineage.

Verse 64 (padma.1.76.64)

जितेंद्रियोपि धर्मात्मा द्विजदेवार्चने रतः । क्षये धर्मे कलौ शेषे पुरे जनपदेषु च

jiteṁdriyopi dharmātmā dvijadevārcane rataḥ | kṣaye dharme kalau śeṣe pure janapadeṣu ca

Such a son, master of his senses, righteous, devoted to the worship of gods and Brahmins — even when dharma has declined in the last age of Kali, in city and countryside alike—

Verse 65 (padma.1.76.65)

एको रक्षति धर्मात्मा पुरे ग्रामं जनं कुलम् । विज्ञातृमेदुरं चासीद्ब्राह्मणानां पुरं महत्

eko rakṣati dharmātmā pure grāmaṁ janaṁ kulam | vijñātṛmeduraṁ cāsīdbrāhmaṇānāṁ puraṁ mahat

—such a single righteous soul protects the town, the village, the people, and the family. Once there was a great city of Brahmins, rich in learned men—

Verse 66 (padma.1.76.66)

तत्र सर्वे द्विजाः शश्वत्संध्योपासनतत्पराः । वेदपाठरता धीरा देवातिथिद्विजार्चकाः

tatra sarve dvijāḥ śaśvatsaṁdhyopāsanatatparāḥ | vedapāṭharatā dhīrā devātithidvijārcakāḥ

—there, all the Brahmins were ever devoted to the twilight worship, engaged in Vedic recitation, steadfast, and worshippers of gods, guests, and fellow Brahmins.

Verse 67 (padma.1.76.67)

यज्ञव्रताग्निकर्माणः षट्कर्मपरिनिश्चयाः । अतिकृच्छ्रे च तेषां वै न पापे वर्तते मनः

yajñavratāgnikarmāṇaḥ ṣaṭkarmapariniścayāḥ | atikṛcchre ca teṣāṁ vai na pāpe vartate manaḥ

They performed sacrifices, vows, and fire-rites, established in the six duties; even in dire distress, their minds never turned toward sin.

Verse 68 (padma.1.76.68)

कुर्वंति सततं वीरा व्रतं यज्ञं सनातनम् । कदाचिद्दैवयोगाच्च गृहस्थश्च स कोविदः

kurvaṁti satataṁ vīrā vrataṁ yajñaṁ sanātanam | kadāciddaivayogācca gṛhasthaśca sa kovidaḥ

These heroic souls ever performed the eternal vows and sacrifices. Once, by a turn of fate, one such learned householder among them—

Verse 69 (padma.1.76.69)

वह्नौ जुहोति विप्रर्षि राज्यं मंत्रेण मंत्रवित् । तस्मिन्काले च तस्यैव मूत्रकृच्छ्रं सुदारुणम्

vahnau juhoti viprarṣi rājyaṁ maṁtreṇa maṁtravit | tasminkāle ca tasyaiva mūtrakṛcchraṁ sudāruṇam

—a sage-like Brahmin, skilled in mantras, was making a fire-offering; and at that moment, he was struck by a most severe difficulty in urination.

Verse 70 (padma.1.76.70)

तत्प्रोज्झितुं गतः सोपि रक्षार्थं स्थाप्य चेटिकाम् । तस्यास्त्वनवधानेन शुना चाज्यं च भक्षितम्

tatprojjhituṁ gataḥ sopi rakṣārthaṁ sthāpya ceṭikām | tasyāstvanavadhānena śunā cājyaṁ ca bhakṣitam

He went off to relieve himself, having stationed a maidservant to watch over the offering; but through her carelessness, a dog ate the ghee.

Verse 71 (padma.1.76.71)

भिया तया ततः पात्रं स्वीयमूत्रेण संभृतम् । असंलक्ष्या जुहोदग्नौ स विप्रस्त्वरया ततः

bhiyā tayā tataḥ pātraṁ svīyamūtreṇa saṁbhṛtam | asaṁlakṣyā juhodagnau sa viprastvarayā tataḥ

In her fear, she then filled the vessel with her own urine; and the Brahmin, hurriedly, without noticing, poured it as an offering into the fire.

Verse 72 (padma.1.76.72)

आश्चर्यं च ततो वह्नौ लक्षितं तेन तत्क्षणात् । कूटं हेममयं साक्षात्स्वर्णं जांबूनदप्रभं

āścaryaṁ ca tato vahnau lakṣitaṁ tena tatkṣaṇāt | kūṭaṁ hemamayaṁ sākṣātsvarṇaṁ jāṁbūnadaprabhaṁ

Then, astonishingly, he saw at once in the fire a heap of pure gold, radiant as the gold of the Jambu river.

Verse 73 (padma.1.76.73)

गृहीत्वा तन्मुदा विप्रः पापयोगं चकार ह । पप्रच्छ विस्मयाद्दासीं कथमेतद्वद प्रिये

gṛhītvā tanmudā vipraḥ pāpayogaṁ cakāra ha | papraccha vismayāddāsīṁ kathametadvada priye

The Brahmin took it up with joy — thereby unwittingly committing a sinful act — and in astonishment asked the maidservant, 'How did this happen? Tell me, dear one.'

Verse 74 (padma.1.76.74)

मुदा तत्र यथावृत्तं कथितं तु तया द्विज । ततो नित्यं यथाकालं तच्च तस्य प्रवर्तते

mudā tatra yathāvṛttaṁ kathitaṁ tu tayā dvija | tato nityaṁ yathākālaṁ tacca tasya pravartate

She joyfully told him exactly what had happened; and from then on, this miracle continued for him regularly, at its due time.

Verse 75 (padma.1.76.75)

समृद्धिरद्भुता गेहे लोकविस्मयकारिणी । ततः परस्पराच्छ्रुत्वा सर्वैरेव च तत्पुरे

samṛddhiradbhutā gehe lokavismayakāriṇī | tataḥ parasparācchrutvā sarvaireva ca tatpure

Wondrous prosperity, astonishing to all the world, filled his house. Then, hearing of it from one another, all the people of that city—

Verse 76 (padma.1.76.76)

कृतं कर्म दुराचारं श्रुत्वा लोभादसाधुभिः । गुरुलोभाच्च सुमहत्स्वांते पंकं विशत्यपि

kṛtaṁ karma durācāraṁ śrutvā lobhādasādhubhiḥ | gurulobhācca sumahatsvāṁte paṁkaṁ viśatyapi

—hearing of that deed, the wicked, out of greed, imitated it with evil intent; and out of overwhelming greed, they sank at last into that same mire.

Verse 77 (padma.1.76.77)

पंकादेव भयान्मोहान्मतिभ्रंशोऽभवत्ततः । अथ किल्बिषकूटेन दग्धमेव पुरं च तत्

paṁkādeva bhayānmohānmatibhraṁśo'bhavattataḥ | atha kilbiṣakūṭena dagdhameva puraṁ ca tat

From that very mire, through fear and delusion, their minds became corrupted; and then, by the weight of that accumulated sin, that whole city was consumed as if by fire.

Verse 78 (padma.1.76.78)

स्त्रियो दुष्टा जना दुष्टाः सर्वे पापबलात्तदा । वृद्धो ज्ञाता द्विजस्तत्र तत्कार्ये न मतिं दधौ

striyo duṣṭā janā duṣṭāḥ sarve pāpabalāttadā | vṛddho jñātā dvijastatra tatkārye na matiṁ dadhau

The women became wicked, and all the people became wicked, through the power of that sin. But the aged and wise Brahmin there did not set his mind upon that practice.

Verse 79 (padma.1.76.79)

तस्य भार्या तदा साध्वी पुरुदुःखेन संयुता । भर्तारं कृच्छ्रसन्तप्ता पुरकार्यं जगाद सा

tasya bhāryā tadā sādhvī puruduḥkhena saṁyutā | bhartāraṁ kṛcchrasantaptā purakāryaṁ jagāda sā

His virtuous wife, afflicted with great distress and tormented by hardship, spoke to her husband of what was happening in the city.

Verse 80 (padma.1.76.80)

ब्राह्मण्युवाच । कष्टं मे वर्तते नाथ दृष्ट्वा त्वां दुःखसंयुतम् । ग्रामाचारमिमं यद्वाप्यऽपरं कर्तुमर्हसि

brāhmaṇyuvāca | kaṣṭaṁ me vartate nātha dṛṣṭvā tvāṁ duḥkhasaṁyutam | grāmācāramimaṁ yadvāpya'paraṁ kartumarhasi

The Brahmin woman said: 'It grieves me, my lord, to see you in such distress. Either follow this village custom, or do something else.'

Verse 81 (padma.1.76.81)

ततस्तत्र स दोषज्ञः स्मित्वा वचनमब्रवीत् । यस्तु जीवति पापेन त्यक्त्वा धर्मं परं हितम्

tatastatra sa doṣajñaḥ smitvā vacanamabravīt | yastu jīvati pāpena tyaktvā dharmaṁ paraṁ hitam

Then he, who understood the fault in that practice, smiling, spoke: 'He who lives by sin, having abandoned dharma, his highest good—'

Verse 82 (padma.1.76.82)

स वैधेयो महाभागे प्रगच्छत्यपुनर्भवम् । एते विप्रा दुराचाराः सदारास्सपरिच्छदाः

sa vaidheyo mahābhāge pragacchatyapunarbhavam | ete viprā durācārāḥ sadārāssaparicchadāḥ

'—is a fool, O blessed one, and goes to a state with no return. These Brahmins of evil conduct, with their wives and households—'

Verse 83 (padma.1.76.83)

अतिपातकयोगाच्च महापातकसंमताः । सह पापेन महता प्रयास्यंति रसातलम्

atipātakayogācca mahāpātakasaṁmatāḥ | saha pāpena mahatā prayāsyaṁti rasātalam

'—through this great sin, deemed a mortal transgression, will go down together with their sin into the netherworld, Rasatala.'

Verse 84 (padma.1.76.84)

अंतेऽपुनर्भवं प्राप्यापराधांतो न विद्यते । अहमेकोत्र तिष्ठामि स्वपुण्यपरिरक्षणात्

aṁte'punarbhavaṁ prāpyāparādhāṁto na vidyate | ahamekotra tiṣṭhāmi svapuṇyaparirakṣaṇāt

'In the end they will attain a state with no return, for their offense knows no limit. I alone remain here, protected by my own merit.'

Verse 85 (padma.1.76.85)

ततस्सा तमुवाचेदं लोकहास्यवचस्तव । वक्तुमर्हसि नश्चाग्रे न पुरोऽन्यस्य कस्यचित्

tatassā tamuvācedaṁ lokahāsyavacastava | vaktumarhasi naścāgre na puro'nyasya kasyacit

Then she said to him: 'These words of yours are a laughingstock to the world. Say this only before us, not before anyone else.'

Verse 86 (padma.1.76.86)

द्विज उवाच । यदि यास्यामि चान्यत्र इतोऽहं तत्क्षणात्प्रिये । सवित्तैः स्वजनैरेव पुरीयास्यत्यथोगतिम्

dvija uvāca | yadi yāsyāmi cānyatra ito'haṁ tatkṣaṇātpriye | savittaiḥ svajanaireva purīyāsyatyathogatim

The Brahmin said: 'If I depart from here this very moment, my dear, then, together with my wealth and household, this city will go to its ruin.'

Verse 87 (padma.1.76.87)

इत्युक्त्वा परमप्रीतः संगृह्य च धनं स्वकम् । क्षिप्रं स च तया सार्धं ययौ सीमांतरं द्विजः

ityuktvā paramaprītaḥ saṁgṛhya ca dhanaṁ svakam | kṣipraṁ sa ca tayā sārdhaṁ yayau sīmāṁtaraṁ dvijaḥ

Having said this, filled with great delight, the Brahmin quickly gathered his wealth and set out together with her to the city's boundary.

Verse 88 (padma.1.76.88)

स्थित्वाऽपश्यत्पुरी तावत्स्थिरा तिष्ठति पूर्ववत् । सा चाह तं पतिं साध्वी पुरी चेयं न नश्यति

sthitvā'paśyatpurī tāvatsthirā tiṣṭhati pūrvavat | sā cāha taṁ patiṁ sādhvī purī ceyaṁ na naśyati

Standing there, he saw the city still stood firm, just as before. His virtuous wife said, 'See, this city has not been destroyed after all.'

Verse 89 (padma.1.76.89)

विमृश्यतामुवाचेदं विप्रवर्यस्सुविस्मितः । किं नु तिष्ठति तत्रैव द्रव्यमस्मद्गृहाद्बहिः

vimṛśyatāmuvācedaṁ vipravaryassuvismitaḥ | kiṁ nu tiṣṭhati tatraiva dravyamasmadgṛhādbahiḥ

That excellent, astonished Brahmin said: 'Consider — is there perhaps still some belonging of ours left outside our house?'

Verse 90 (padma.1.76.90)

विचार्य सा धवं प्राह मया भ्रांत्या उपानहौ । नानीते तिष्ठतस्तत्र धारयिष्यामि किं नु वै

vicārya sā dhavaṁ prāha mayā bhrāṁtyā upānahau | nānīte tiṣṭhatastatra dhārayiṣyāmi kiṁ nu vai

Reflecting, she said to her husband: 'By oversight I forgot our sandals — they are still there. What shall I do?'

Verse 91 (padma.1.76.91)

एवमुक्त्वा पतिं साध्वी गृहीत्वा ते उपागता । पत्युरभ्याशतो दृष्टं पुरं निर्व्यथनं गतम्

evamuktvā patiṁ sādhvī gṛhītvā te upāgatā | patyurabhyāśato dṛṣṭaṁ puraṁ nirvyathanaṁ gatam

Having said this to her husband, she went and fetched them; and as seen from where her husband stood, the city then, at last, met its ruin.

Verse 92 (padma.1.76.92)

ततो विप्रादयो वर्णाः कच्चराः पुरवासिनः । तिष्ठंति नरके घोरे दुःखिताश्चापुनर्भवे

tato viprādayo varṇāḥ kaccarāḥ puravāsinaḥ | tiṣṭhaṁti narake ghore duḥkhitāścāpunarbhave

Then the Brahmins and the other wicked inhabitants of that city remain in a terrible hell, suffering, in a state from which there is no return.

Verse 93 (padma.1.76.93)

कृच्छाद्यमपुरं यांति नास्ति तेषां च निष्कृतिः । पूतिगंधं ततो मेध्यं वर्जनीयं प्रकीर्तितम्

kṛcchādyamapuraṁ yāṁti nāsti teṣāṁ ca niṣkṛtiḥ | pūtigaṁdhaṁ tato medhyaṁ varjanīyaṁ prakīrtitam

With great difficulty they go to the city of Yama, and there is no atonement for them. Hence what is foul is to be shunned, and what is pure kept.

Verse 94 (padma.1.76.94)

पूर्ववद्भक्षणे प्रीतो ह्यद्यपापं करोति च । स्तेयशीलो निशाचारी बुधैर्ज्ञेयस्स वंचकः

pūrvavadbhakṣaṇe prīto hyadyapāpaṁ karoti ca | steyaśīlo niśācārī budhairjñeyassa vaṁcakaḥ

One who, as before, delights in forbidden eating, commits sin even now; a habitual thief who prowls by night is known by the wise as a deceiver.

Verse 95 (padma.1.76.95)

अबुधः सर्वकार्येषु अज्ञातः सर्वकर्मसु । समयाचारहीनस्तु पशुरेव स बालिशः

abudhaḥ sarvakāryeṣu ajñātaḥ sarvakarmasu | samayācārahīnastu paśureva sa bāliśaḥ

One ignorant in all his affairs, untaught in all proper duties, devoid of the conduct proper to his station — such a fool is nothing but a beast.

Verse 96 (padma.1.76.96)

एवमुष्ट्रादयस्संति भक्षादि नकुलादयः । हिंस्रो ज्ञातिजनोद्वेगरिते युद्धे च कातरः

evamuṣṭrādayassaṁti bhakṣādi nakulādayaḥ | hiṁsro jñātijanodvegarite yuddhe ca kātaraḥ

Such men are like camels; those greedy for food are like mongooses; one who is violent to his own kin, yet cowardly in battle—

Verse 97 (padma.1.76.97)

विघसादिप्रियो नित्यं नरः श्वा कीर्तितो बुधैः । चौर्यकर्मरतो नित्यं बहुमित्रप्रवंचकः

vighasādipriyo nityaṁ naraḥ śvā kīrtito budhaiḥ | cauryakarmarato nityaṁ bahumitrapravaṁcakaḥ

—a man ever fond of leftover scraps is declared by the wise to be a dog; one habitually given to theft, a deceiver of many friends—

Verse 98 (padma.1.76.98)

मिथुने कलहो नित्यं मर्त्यस्तु परिकीर्तितः । प्रकृत्या चपलो नित्यं सदा भोजनचंचलः

mithune kalaho nityaṁ martyastu parikīrtitaḥ | prakṛtyā capalo nityaṁ sadā bhojanacaṁcalaḥ

—one who is ever quarrelsome with his own spouse is called such a man; one by nature ever fickle, ever restless in eating—

Verse 99 (padma.1.76.99)

प्लवगः काननप्रीतो नरः शाखामृगो भुवि । सूचको भाषया बुध्या स्वजनेऽन्यजनेषु च

plavagaḥ kānanaprīto naraḥ śākhāmṛgo bhuvi | sūcako bhāṣayā budhyā svajane'nyajaneṣu ca

—is a monkey; a man who delights in the forest is a tree-dwelling ape; one who informs on his own people or others, by speech or cunning—

Verse 100 (padma.1.76.100)

उद्वेगजनकत्वाच्च स पुमानुरगः स्मृतः । बलवान्क्रांतशीलश्च सततं चानपत्रपः

udvegajanakatvācca sa pumānuragaḥ smṛtaḥ | balavānkrāṁtaśīlaśca satataṁ cānapatrapaḥ

—such a man, because he causes distress wherever he goes, is remembered as a serpent; one who is strong, aggressive, and forever shameless—

Verse 101 (padma.1.76.101)

पूतिमांसप्रियो भोगी नृसिंहस्समुदाहृतः । तत्स्वनादेव सीदंति भीता अन्ये वृकादयः

pūtimāṁsapriyo bhogī nṛsiṁhassamudāhṛtaḥ | tatsvanādeva sīdaṁti bhītā anye vṛkādayaḥ

—one who delights in putrid flesh, given to indulgence, is declared a man-lion; at whose very roar others, like wolves, cower in fear—

Verse 102 (padma.1.76.102)

द्विरदादि नरा ये च ज्ञायंते दूरदर्शिनः । एवमादि क्रमेणैव विजानीयान्नरेषु च

dviradādi narā ye ca jñāyaṁte dūradarśinaḥ | evamādi krameṇaiva vijānīyānnareṣu ca

—such men are known to be like the elephant, far-seeing. In this manner one should discern these natures among men, one after another.

Verse 103 (padma.1.76.103)

सुराणां लक्षणं ब्रूमो नररूपं व्यवस्थितम् । द्विजदेवातिथीनां च गुरुसाधुतपस्विनाम्

surāṇāṁ lakṣaṇaṁ brūmo nararūpaṁ vyavasthitam | dvijadevātithīnāṁ ca gurusādhutapasvinām

Now we shall describe the marks of gods established in human form — devoted to the twice-born, gods, guests, teachers, holy men, and ascetics—

Verse 104 (padma.1.76.104)

पूजातपोरतोनित्यं धर्मशास्त्रेषु नीतिषु । क्षमाशीलो जितक्रोधः सत्यवादी जितेंद्रिंयः

pūjātaporatonityaṁ dharmaśāstreṣu nītiṣu | kṣamāśīlo jitakrodhaḥ satyavādī jiteṁdriṁyaḥ

—ever devoted to worship and austerity, versed in the scriptures of dharma and right conduct; forbearing, master of anger, truthful, master of the senses—

Verse 105 (padma.1.76.105)

दयालुर्दयितो लोके रूपवान्मधुरस्वरः । वागीशः सर्वकार्येषु गुणी दक्षो महाबलः

dayālurdayito loke rūpavānmadhurasvaraḥ | vāgīśaḥ sarvakāryeṣu guṇī dakṣo mahābalaḥ

—compassionate, beloved, handsome, sweet-voiced, eloquent in every undertaking, virtuous, capable, and mighty in strength—

Verse 106 (padma.1.76.106)

साक्षरश्चापि विद्वांश्च गीतनृत्यार्थतत्त्ववित् । आत्मविद्यादिकार्येषु सर्वतंत्रीस्वरेषु च

sākṣaraścāpi vidvāṁśca gītanṛtyārthatattvavit | ātmavidyādikāryeṣu sarvataṁtrīsvareṣu ca

—learned in letters, versed in the true meaning of song and dance, skilled in the knowledge of the self and in every musical instrument—

Verse 107 (padma.1.76.107)

हविष्येषु च सर्वेषु गव्येषु च निरामिषे । सद्योगास्वादद्रव्ये च प्रत्यग्रे चातिशोभने

haviṣyeṣu ca sarveṣu gavyeṣu ca nirāmiṣe | sadyogāsvādadravye ca pratyagre cātiśobhane

—delighting in all oblational foods, in the products of the cow, in what is free of flesh, in food fresh and excellent—

Verse 108 (padma.1.76.108)

गंधमाल्येषु वस्त्रेषु शास्त्रेष्वाभरणेषु च । संप्रीतश्चातिथौ दाने पार्वणादिषु कर्मसु

gaṁdhamālyeṣu vastreṣu śāstreṣvābharaṇeṣu ca | saṁprītaścātithau dāne pārvaṇādiṣu karmasu

—delighting in fragrances and garlands, fine clothing, scriptures, and ornaments; devoted to hospitality, giving, and sacred rites—

Verse 109 (padma.1.76.109)

स्नानदानादिभिः कार्ये व्रतैर्यज्ञैः सुरार्चनैः । कालो गच्छति पाठैश्च न क्लीबं वासरं भवेत्

snānadānādibhiḥ kārye vratairyajñaiḥ surārcanaiḥ | kālo gacchati pāṭhaiśca na klībaṁ vāsaraṁ bhavet

—his time passes in bathing, giving, vows, sacrifices, worship, and recitation; not a single day passes idly.

Verse 110 (padma.1.76.110)

अयमेव मनुष्याणां सदाचारो निरंतरम् । देववन्मानवाचारो गीयते मुनिसत्तमैः

ayameva manuṣyāṇāṁ sadācāro niraṁtaram | devavanmānavācāro gīyate munisattamaiḥ

This alone is the constant right conduct of men; such human conduct, resembling that of the gods, is praised by the very best of sages.

Verse 111 (padma.1.76.111)

किंतु सत्त्वाधिको देवो मनुष्यो भीत एव च । गंभीरः सर्वदा देवः सदैव मानवो मृदुः

kiṁtu sattvādhiko devo manuṣyo bhīta eva ca | gaṁbhīraḥ sarvadā devaḥ sadaiva mānavo mṛduḥ

Yet the god is superior in sattva, while man remains ever fearful; the god is ever profound and grave, man ever gentle.

Verse 112 (padma.1.76.112)

द्वयोस्तुत्या च संप्रीतिर्न दैत्यादौ भवेत्किल । प्रीतिभावं परं सौख्यं सौहृदं सुकृतं शुभम्

dvayostutyā ca saṁprītirna daityādau bhavetkila | prītibhāvaṁ paraṁ saukhyaṁ sauhṛdaṁ sukṛtaṁ śubham

Between gods and men there can be mutual affection through praise, but this never occurs with the demonic sort; true affection, happiness, friendship, virtue—

Verse 113 (padma.1.76.113)

दैवमानुषयोरेव दैत्यराक्षसयोस्तथा । प्रेतादीनां च प्रेतेषु पशौ प्रीतिः पशोरपि

daivamānuṣayoreva daityarākṣasayostathā | pretādīnāṁ ca preteṣu paśau prītiḥ paśorapi

—exist only between gods and men, and likewise between demons and rakshasas; ghosts feel affection only for other ghosts, and a beast only for a beast.

Verse 114 (padma.1.76.114)

काकादयः स्वजातौ च तथान्ये च स्वजातिषु । प्रीता भवंति चाप्रीता विद्या तेषां च लक्षणम्

kākādayaḥ svajātau ca tathānye ca svajātiṣu | prītā bhavaṁti cāprītā vidyā teṣāṁ ca lakṣaṇam

Crows and the like feel affection within their own kind, and so do others; this itself is the mark by which their nature is known.

Verse 115 (padma.1.76.115)

एवं पुण्यविशेषेण सविशेषा सुजातिषु । प्रियाप्रियं विजानीयात्पुण्यापुण्यं गुणागुणम्

evaṁ puṇyaviśeṣeṇa saviśeṣā sujātiṣu | priyāpriyaṁ vijānīyātpuṇyāpuṇyaṁ guṇāguṇam

Thus, by the degree of one's merit, one belongs to a rank even among the well-born; one should thereby discern what is dear, meritorious, and virtuous.

Verse 116 (padma.1.76.116)

दंपत्योर्न सुखं किंचिज्जातिभेदान्नृणां भुवि । स्वजातिषु भवेत्प्रीतिर्मुक्तो वा निरयेपि वा

daṁpatyorna sukhaṁ kiṁcijjātibhedānnṛṇāṁ bhuvi | svajātiṣu bhavetprītirmukto vā nirayepi vā

There can be no happiness between husband and wife when their natures differ; true affection arises only between those of the same nature, whether liberated or in hell.

Verse 117 (padma.1.76.117)

अतिपुण्याल्लभेदायुः शोभनाः पुण्यकारिणः । पापात्मानो लभंतेऽन्तं ये च दैत्यादयो नराः

atipuṇyāllabhedāyuḥ śobhanāḥ puṇyakāriṇaḥ | pāpātmāno labhaṁte'ntaṁ ye ca daityādayo narāḥ

Through great merit one obtains long life; those who perform meritorious deeds become radiant, while sinful souls of demonic nature meet their end.

Verse 118 (padma.1.76.118)

कृते जाताः सुरा भूमौ न दैत्याश्चान्यजातयः । त्रेतायामेकपादं च द्विपदं द्वापरे युगे

kṛte jātāḥ surā bhūmau na daityāścānyajātayaḥ | tretāyāmekapādaṁ ca dvipadaṁ dvāpare yuge

In the Krita Yuga, only gods were born on earth, not demons; in Treta, a quarter of that demonic nature appeared; in Dvapara, half—

Verse 119 (padma.1.76.119)

संध्यायां च कलेरेव सर्वपादं च संकुलम् । देवादीनां भवेज्जातं भारतं यत्प्रवर्तितम्

saṁdhyāyāṁ ca kalereva sarvapādaṁ ca saṁkulam | devādīnāṁ bhavejjātaṁ bhārataṁ yatpravartitam

—and in the twilight of Kali itself, it is present in full, in utter confusion; the birth of gods and demons was set forth in the Mahabharata.

Verse 120 (padma.1.76.120)

ये ते दुर्योधनस्यैव योधाः सैन्यादयस्तथा । ते च दैत्यादयः सर्वे ये च कर्णादयो भुवि

ye te duryodhanasyaiva yodhāḥ sainyādayastathā | te ca daityādayaḥ sarve ye ca karṇādayo bhuvi

Those who were the warriors and soldiers of Duryodhana, and Karna and the others upon the earth — all these were of demonic origin.

Verse 121 (padma.1.76.121)

गांगेयो वसुमुख्यश्च द्रोणो देवमुनिः प्रभुः । अश्वत्थामा हरः साक्षाद्धरिर्नंदकुलोद्भवः

gāṁgeyo vasumukhyaśca droṇo devamuniḥ prabhuḥ | aśvatthāmā haraḥ sākṣāddharirnaṁdakulodbhavaḥ

Gangeya (Bhishma) was foremost among the Vasus; Drona was a divine sage; Ashvatthama was Hara himself; and Hari was born in Nanda's lineage.

Verse 122 (padma.1.76.122)

पंचेंद्राः पांडवा जाता विदुरो धर्म एव च । गांधारी द्रौपदी कुंती चैता देव्यो धरातले

paṁceṁdrāḥ pāṁḍavā jātā viduro dharma eva ca | gāṁdhārī draupadī kuṁtī caitā devyo dharātale

The five Pandavas were born as portions of the five Indras; Vidura was Dharma himself; and Gandhari, Draupadi, and Kunti were goddesses upon this earth.

Verse 123 (padma.1.76.123)

देवदैत्याः कलेर्मध्ये दैत्याश्शेषे च मानवाः । उत्पत्स्यंते सदा प्रेताः क्रव्यादाः पशुपक्षिणः

devadaityāḥ kalermadhye daityāśśeṣe ca mānavāḥ | utpatsyaṁte sadā pretāḥ kravyādāḥ paśupakṣiṇaḥ

In the midst of the Kali Yuga, gods and demons alike shall be born; in its final stretch, only demons and men — ghosts, flesh-eaters, beasts, and birds — shall be born.

Verse 124 (padma.1.76.124)

तेषां च कुलटा दासी नित्यकष्टा यवीयसी । नित्यं द्वंद्वेषु संप्रीत्या तेषामाचारभाषिणी

teṣāṁ ca kulaṭā dāsī nityakaṣṭā yavīyasī | nityaṁ dvaṁdveṣu saṁprītyā teṣāmācārabhāṣiṇī

Among them, the unchaste woman becomes a mere servant, ever in distress and inferior; taking pleasure in strife, she becomes the spokeswoman of their degenerate conduct.

Verse 125 (padma.1.76.125)

किल्बिषेषु च सर्वेषु कलहेऽन्यायकर्मणि । रता दैत्यादयो ये ते सर्वे निरयगामिनः

kilbiṣeṣu ca sarveṣu kalahe'nyāyakarmaṇi | ratā daityādayo ye te sarve nirayagāminaḥ

Those of demonic nature who delight in every sin, in strife, and in unjust deeds — all of them are bound for hell.

Verse 126 (padma.1.76.126)

वैशंपायन उवाच । दैत्यादीनां मृषाभावात्सुरत्वं न सुरालयम् । कथं भोग्यं कथं सौख्यमारोग्यं बलसंचयम्

vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca | daityādīnāṁ mṛṣābhāvātsuratvaṁ na surālayam | kathaṁ bhogyaṁ kathaṁ saukhyamārogyaṁ balasaṁcayam

Vaishampayana said: Since the demonic nature is false, how can there be godhood or a place among the gods for them? How can there be enjoyment, health, or strength?

Verse 127 (padma.1.76.127)

राज्यमायुस्तथा कीर्तिरभीष्टं दयितं बलम् । नीतिविद्यादिकं भाव्यं जन्मवृद्धं सनातनम्

rājyamāyustathā kīrtirabhīṣṭaṁ dayitaṁ balam | nītividyādikaṁ bhāvyaṁ janmavṛddhaṁ sanātanam

How can there be kingship, long life, fame, fulfillment, cherished strength, statecraft and learning, good birth, and lasting stability—

Verse 128 (padma.1.76.128)

दानाध्ययनकर्माणि यज्ञादि च कथं प्रभो । एतदाप्ताय शिष्याय मह्यं भो वक्तुमर्हसि

dānādhyayanakarmāṇi yajñādi ca kathaṁ prabho | etadāptāya śiṣyāya mahyaṁ bho vaktumarhasi

—giving, study, sacrifice, and other duties — how can these come to them, O lord? Explain this to me, your devoted disciple.

Verse 129 (padma.1.76.129)

व्यास उवाच । दैत्यानां साहसादेव तपो भवति निश्चितम् । व्रतं यज्ञादिकं चैव संप्रीतिः स्वजनस्य च

vyāsa uvāca | daityānāṁ sāhasādeva tapo bhavati niścitam | vrataṁ yajñādikaṁ caiva saṁprītiḥ svajanasya ca

Vyasa said: For demons, austerity arises certainly from mere boldness; their vows, sacrifices, and affection for kin are of that same nature.

Verse 130 (padma.1.76.130)

यो दांतो विगुणैर्मुक्तो नीतिशास्रार्थतत्त्वगः । एतैश्च विविधैः पूतः स भवेत्सुरलक्षणः

yo dāṁto viguṇairmukto nītiśāsrārthatattvagaḥ | etaiśca vividhaiḥ pūtaḥ sa bhavetsuralakṣaṇaḥ

But whoever is self-controlled, free from vices, versed in the true meaning of statecraft, and purified by these virtues — he bears the marks of a god.

Verse 131 (padma.1.76.131)

पुराणागमकर्माणि नाकेष्वत्र च वै द्विज । स्वयमाचरते पुण्यं स धरोद्धरणक्षमः

purāṇāgamakarmāṇi nākeṣvatra ca vai dvija | svayamācarate puṇyaṁ sa dharoddharaṇakṣamaḥ

O Brahmin, whoever himself performs the duties of the Puranas and sacred texts, and practices merit — he is capable of upholding the earth.

Verse 132 (padma.1.76.132)

विशेषाद्वैष्णवं दृष्ट्वा प्रीयते पूजयेच्च यः । विमुक्तस्सर्वपापेभ्यस्स धरोद्धरणक्षमः

viśeṣādvaiṣṇavaṁ dṛṣṭvā prīyate pūjayecca yaḥ | vimuktassarvapāpebhyassa dharoddharaṇakṣamaḥ

Whoever, above all, feels delight upon seeing a devotee of Vishnu and worships him — he, freed from all sins, is capable of upholding the earth.

Verse 133 (padma.1.76.133)

षट्कर्मनिरतो विप्रस्सर्वयज्ञरतस्सदा । धर्माख्यानप्रियो नित्यं स धरोद्धरणक्षमः

ṣaṭkarmanirato viprassarvayajñaratassadā | dharmākhyānapriyo nityaṁ sa dharoddharaṇakṣamaḥ

A Brahmin devoted to the six duties, ever engaged in every sacrifice, ever fond of the recitation of dharma — he is capable of upholding the earth.

Verse 134 (padma.1.76.134)

विश्वासघातिनो ये च कृतघ्ना व्रतलोपिनः । द्विजदेवेषु विद्विष्टाः शातयंति धरां नराः

viśvāsaghātino ye ca kṛtaghnā vratalopinaḥ | dvijadeveṣu vidviṣṭāḥ śātayaṁti dharāṁ narāḥ

Those who betray trust, who are ungrateful, who break their vows, who hold hatred toward Brahmins and gods — such men bring the earth to ruin.

Verse 135 (padma.1.76.135)

ये च मद्यरताः पापा द्यूतकर्मरतास्तथा । पाषंडपतितालापाः शातयंति धरां नराः

ye ca madyaratāḥ pāpā dyūtakarmaratāstathā | pāṣaṁḍapatitālāpāḥ śātayaṁti dharāṁ narāḥ

Sinners devoted to drink and gambling, given to conversing with heretics and outcastes — such men bring the earth to ruin.

Verse 136 (padma.1.76.136)

सुकर्मरहिता ये च नित्योद्वेगाश्च निर्भयाः । स्मृतिशास्त्रार्थकोद्विग्नाश्शातयंति धरां नराः

sukarmarahitā ye ca nityodvegāśca nirbhayāḥ | smṛtiśāstrārthakodvignāśśātayaṁti dharāṁ narāḥ

Those devoid of good deeds, ever restless yet reckless, troubled by the meaning of the sacred law-books — such men bring the earth to ruin.

Verse 137 (padma.1.76.137)

निजवृत्तिं परित्यज्य कुर्वंति चाधमां च ये । गुरुनिंदारता द्वेषाच्छातयंति धरां नराः

nijavṛttiṁ parityajya kurvaṁti cādhamāṁ ca ye | guruniṁdāratā dveṣācchātayaṁti dharāṁ narāḥ

Those who abandon their own occupation for the lowest kind, who delight in reviling their teachers out of hatred — such men bring the earth to ruin.

Verse 138 (padma.1.76.138)

दातारं ये रोधयंति पातके प्रेरयंति च । दीनानाथान्पीडयंति शातयंति धरां नराः

dātāraṁ ye rodhayaṁti pātake prerayaṁti ca | dīnānāthānpīḍayaṁti śātayaṁti dharāṁ narāḥ

Those who obstruct a generous giver, who incite others to sin, who oppress the poor and helpless — such men bring the earth to ruin.

Verse 139 (padma.1.76.139)

एते चान्ये च बहवः पापकर्मकृतो नराः । पुरुषान्पातयित्वा तु शातयंति धरां नराः

ete cānye ca bahavaḥ pāpakarmakṛto narāḥ | puruṣānpātayitvā tu śātayaṁti dharāṁ narāḥ

These, and many other men of sinful deeds, having brought about the downfall of good men, bring the earth to ruin.

Verse 140 (padma.1.76.140)

य इदं शृणुयाद्रम्यं गुह्याद्गुह्यं परं हितम् । न तस्य दुर्गतिर्दुःखं दौर्भाग्यं दीनता भुवि

ya idaṁ śṛṇuyādramyaṁ guhyādguhyaṁ paraṁ hitam | na tasya durgatirduḥkhaṁ daurbhāgyaṁ dīnatā bhuvi

Whoever hears this delightful teaching, more secret than the secret, supremely beneficial — for him there is no wretched fate, sorrow, misfortune, or poverty.

Verse 141 (padma.1.76.141)

न दैत्यादौ भवेज्जन्म स्वर्लोके शाश्वतं सुखम् । नाकाले मरणं तस्य न च पापैः प्रलिप्यते

na daityādau bhavejjanma svarloke śāśvataṁ sukham | nākāle maraṇaṁ tasya na ca pāpaiḥ pralipyate

He shall not be born among demons and their kind; he attains eternal happiness in heaven; his death does not come untimely, and he is never tainted by sins.

Verse 142 (padma.1.76.142)

इह सर्वजनाध्यक्षस्त्रिदिवे त्रिदिवेश्वरः । कल्पंकल्पं दिवं भुक्त्वा मोक्षमार्गं व्रजत्यसौ

iha sarvajanādhyakṣastridive tridiveśvaraḥ | kalpaṁkalpaṁ divaṁ bhuktvā mokṣamārgaṁ vrajatyasau

Here on earth he becomes chief among all men, and in the three heavens a very lord of the gods; having enjoyed the celestial world age after age, he proceeds upon the path of liberation.